Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 20-28.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2025.04.002

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Scientific Socialism’s Birth and the Deepening of Historical Materialism: A Textual Study Based on the“Gülich Notes”

FU Ke-Zhen   

  1. School of Marxism, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2024-03-27 Online:2025-07-05 Published:2025-06-23

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Abstract: A close survey of socio-economic production under specific historical conditions is essential for grounding historical materialism scientifically. The “Gülich Notes” provides rich historical context and bibliographic support for The Communist Manifesto, laying a solid political economy foundation for scientific socialism’s birth. In addition. the notes also open new theoretical avenues for Marx and Engels to deepen historical materialism. In The Communist Manifesto, the notes apply historical materialism to analyze bourgeois society, capitalist modes of production, and class struggle, proclaiming scientific socialism’s birth. This work further initiates their exploration of historical materialism’s refinement.

Key words: “Gülich Notes”, scientific socialism, historical materialism, relations of production

CLC Number:  A811
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