The year 2026 marks the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. At this special juncture, the Party Central Committee has clearly put forward Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, stressing the need to take the Party’s political building as the overarching guide and uphold institutional governance over the Party and governance of the Party in accordance with regulations. Governance of the Party in accordance with regulations constitutes the core ofXi Jinping Thought on Party Building and holds the key to exercising full and rigorous self-governance over the Party. The intra-Party laws and regulations are a kind of “unique Chinese law”, bearing distinct theoretical characters, and thus the criterion for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party and the most fundamental norms of the intra-Party legal system. The intra-Party legal system is an organic unity based on the Party Constitution and composed of the intra-Party laws and regulations at all levels in various fields. Its governance effect is mainly reflected in three aspects: the rule of law and the rule of virtue, the governance efficiency, the law-abiding obligation and accountability mechanism. The system is the institutional guarantee for the Party’s self-revolution and the code of conduct for the Party. It is thus necessary to transform the advantages of the intra-Party legal system into governance efficiency and strengthen the construction of the intra-Party supervision and the Party’s record review system.

An insight into the specific stages of Li Dazhao’s ideological evolution from 1913 to 1920 tells that his cultural outlook experiences a systematic transformation from a dialectical examination of Eastern and Western cultures and an exploration of their reconciliation to integrating the two sides with Marxism as the core. Rooted in profound traditional Chinese cultural foundations, he deconstructed Confucianism through an approach of dialectical sublation, criticizing the dross of Confucian thought that served autocracy while upholding its cultural essences such as benevolence and universal harmony. From a rational critical perspective, he examined the Western “dynamic civilization”, affirming its spirit of reform and innovation while exposing its deep-seated drawbacks including material worship and institutional hypocrisy derived from capitalist logic. After the October Revolution, the introduction of Marxism equipped Li Dazhao with scientific ideological tools and analytical frameworks, elevating his vague conception of reconciling China and the West into a Marxist cultural proposition centered on the Theory of the Socialist Third Civilization. This transformation blazed a third path for cultural development amid the binary opposition between total Westernization and cultural conservatism during the May Fourth Movement. It also carries profound contemporary implications: Li Dazhao’s cultural stance of upholding fundamentals while pursuing innovation, dialectical integrative thinking, reality-based value orientation, and commitment to civilizational self-confidence offer vital historical references and methodological guidance for adhering to the “Two Integrations” in the new era.

As tasks in primary-level governance continue to get intense, primary-level governments often face numerous target tasks, assessment requirements, and pressure from accountability. Driven by the need to accomplish these tasks, some organizations frequently expand their non-regular personnel to alleviate governance pressure. However, through observations ofa comprehensive multi-sport project team of the Communist Youth League Committee of District A, City C, it is found that elements such as the composition of members’ identities, task contexts and attributes, differentiated perceptions of identity, and behavioral expectations within the structure of primary-level task-based organizations bear a significant impact on task achievement in such organizations. During the concrete operation of the organization, staff members with different identities often employ a mix of strategies such as “burden reduction”, “blame avoidance” and “credit claiming”, selectively screening, re-contracting and evading tasks. This often results in tasks being performed in vain or even in what may be termed a “task reflux”. In such circumstances, “leaders taking ultimate responsibility” becomes a key mechanism for ensuring that organizational tasks are implemented. The findings of this study help to optimize the operating mechanisms of task-based organizations and provide policy insights for improving the grassroots accountability system.

Promoting the high-quality development of social organizations is an important measure for advancing the third distribution. As social governance continues to develop toward greater refinement, the significance of community foundations in aggregating social charitable resources and participating in social governance has gradually become apparent. Drawing on cross-sector collaboration theory and the TOE analytical framework, this study constructs a theoretical framework for the aggregation of charitable resources by community foundations, and employs the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to analyze 32 community foundation cases from across China. From six perspectives namely the structure of resource dependence, departmental span, scale of collaborating entities, maturity of collaboration, organizational maturity, and organizational functional attributes, it explores the different paths that influence community foundations’ aggregation of social charitable resources. The findings reveal that cross-sector collaboration among government, enterprises, and social organizations constitutes a necessary condition for community foundations to achieve a high level of charitable resource aggregation, and that there are two distinct paths for community foundations to aggregate charitable resources: a resource-driven aggregation path and an organization-growth aggregation path.

Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study finds that parental fertility behavior significantly influences children’s fertility intentions and behaviors through the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status. The ethical cognition of “fewer but healthier births” and its corresponding fertility patterns, fostered by the long-standing family planning policy, exhibit intergenerational transmission characteristics. This has resulted in an endogenous negative population growth momentum, contributing to low fertility intentions and behaviors among younger generations. Further analysis reveals that the intergenerational transmission effect is more pronounced among males than females, in rural areas than in urban areas, and among individuals with lower levels of human capital than those with higher levels. Moreover, the intergenerational influence of parents on children’s fertility behavior manifests through the explicit pathway of intergenerational support: grandparental childcare support relaxes time constraints related to childcare, increases children’s labor market participation rates, and raises current income and future income expectations, thereby boosting children’s fertility intentions and behaviors. In contrast, intergenerational financial support fails to mitigate the sharply rising costs of household reproduction associated with urbanization and thus exerts no significant effect on increasing children’s fertility levels.

Technological innovations in the digital-intelligence era have injected new momentum into educational research, and the integration of digital-intelligent tools with iconological methods is driving a transformation in educational research methodology. Taking three typical iconological methods in educational research namely visual ethnography, image walking, and photo elicitation as examples, this study systematically explores the transformational logic and methodological value of digital-intelligence technology empowering educational research. In the digital-intelligence era, these three methods have undergone systematic transformation through digital-intelligent technologies: visual ethnography utilizes digital collection and semantic analysis to achieve a unity of human-computer collaborative “broad analysis” and “deep analysis”; image walking employs VR immersive technology to reconstruct research scenarios, advancing the method from “recording and observing” to “participating and generating”; photo elicitation relies on online collaborative tools to achieve triangulation of multimodal data, elevating the method to the level of “methodological consciousness”. To realize the transformation of iconological methods in the digital-intelligence era, it is first necessary to clarify the core logic and philosophical orientation of each method, integrating the cultural interpretive value of visual ethnography, the intersubjective interactive value of image walking, and the individual experiential value of photo elicitation into the methodological framework, aligning deeply with educational practices and theoretical updates in the digital-intelligence era. This integration process not only empirically resonates with classic pedagogical knowledge such as “education as relationship” and “education as practice”, but also deepens the understanding of new educational practices in the digital-intelligence era. Ultimately, it reconstructs the interactive logic between methodological transformation and pedagogical knowledge production, providing dual support in both theory and practice for the academic proposition of “technology reshaping educational research”.

The integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent is a core strategic support for accelerating China’s high-level independent innovation in science and technology and leading the iterative upgrade of new quality productive forces during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period. The core essence of artificial intelligence empowering such an integrated development lies in shaping a new development ecosystem featuring efficient multi-element allocation, building a collaborative governance community, and systematically reconstructing the education model. However, in this process, multiple key challenges still exist, such as uneven resource distribution, cognitive alienation tendencies, and insufficient coordination of mechanisms and systems. This paper points out the future innovation directions from three dimensions: technology, environment, and mechanism. Specifically, it suggests building a data sharing platform, clarifying the boundaries of human-machine collaboration, and innovating collaborative governance mechanisms to effectively stimulate the overall linkage efficiency of the education, science and technology, and talent systems, thereby providing support for achieving high-quality integrated development.

The digital transformation of education has become an important topic of common concern in today’s society. As digital technologies are applied ever more extensively in the field of education, the stable balance of the traditional right to education has been disrupted, giving rise to a potential rights crisis: digital resources enhance learners’ awareness of self-development while it indirectly weakens the performance of obligations by the duty-bearers corresponding to the right to education; the diversity of digital resources results in a loss of attention focus of the subjects of the right to education; and the lack of effective regulation of digital resources exacerbates the inequity in the content of the right to education. Given the irreversible trend of digital development, safeguarding the right to education through legislation, centering on students’ development, and employing digital governance as a means can help achieve equality in the right to education.

With the transformation and upgrading of the economy, the driving role of high-quality supply in fostering premium consumption has been becoming increasingly evident. There exists an interactive cycle between high-quality supply and premium consumption: “improvement in supply quality-innovation in consumption scenarios-expansion of market capacity”. Current tax policies still bear weakness in supporting high-quality supply and consumption: on the supply side, the intensity and precision of incentives for technological innovation investment, transformation, and output remain insufficient; on the consumption side, tax measures to stimulate demand for high-quality goods and services are relatively limited. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a tax policy support system that effectively drives the virtuous cycle of high-quality supply and consumption with an orientation towards the supply side, consumption side, and business environment: Firstly, on the supply side, enhance incentives for technological innovation throughout enterprises by increasing R&D benefits, lowering the threshold for policy implementation, and optimizing tax policies in the conversion process. Secondly, on the consumption side, improve the personal income tax system, adjust VAT designs to encourage trade-ins, explore policies that allow deductions of technology product purchases from taxable income, thereby unleashing market demand. Thirdly, optimize the business environment by establishing a dynamic evaluation mechanism for the effects of tax policies, piloting more flexible “tax credit allowances”, and strengthening coordination with fiscal subsidies and other tools.

How to promote the sharing of personal data while protecting individuals’ rights and interests is an important issue facing the governance of the digital business ecosystem. This study develops a tripartite evolutionary game model involving individuals, data firms, and the government. MATLAB-based numerical simulations are employed to analyze the impact of compliance requirements, enterprise costs, penalties for violations, and tort compensation on the strategies of each party. The study finds that there are six possible locally stable equilibria; both individual authorization and enterprise compliance sharing can be achieved under either high or low compliance requirements. Raising compliance requirements can strengthen the constraint on non-compliant sharing, but it also increases enterprises’ compliance costs, and therefore does not necessarily induce enterprises to choose compliance sharing. The expected losses from violations, enterprise compliance costs, and government implementation costs jointly influence the formation of the two types of compliance-sharing equilibria. The governance of personal data sharing, therefore, should coordinate compliance requirements, accountability for violations, and remedies for rights according to specific scenarios, and reduce the implementation costs of compliance sharing.

Promoting specialized, sophisticated, differentiated, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to achieve innovative breakthroughs in core technologies is an important lever for realizing scientific and technological self-reliance and strengthening original innovation capabilities. Adopting the perspective of the new-type government-business relationship, this study employs patent data covering nearly 210,000 specialized, sophisticated, differentiated, and innovative SMEs from 2017 to 2022 to examine the impact of new-type government-business relationship building on firms’ innovation in core technologies. The findings are as follows. First, the building of a new-type government-business relationship promotes enterprises’ innovation in core technologies. Second, mechanism analysis shows that the new-type relationship effectively plays the role of the “helping hand”, enhancing the core technological innovation capacity through three channels: providing special innovation subsidies, facilitating knowledge spillovers, and intensifying market competition. Third, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the innovation-driving effect of the new-type relationship is more pronounced for those enterprises located farther from municipal government office locations and those with higher levels of digitalization. The conclusions confirm that building a new-type government-business relationship can well stimulate the innovation vitality of specialized, sophisticated, differentiated, and innovative SMEs in core technologies. The government therefore should, with digital means, break geographical constraints and provide targeted innovation support , so as to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening for enterprises.

Since 1986, the successive archaeological discoveries of the eight sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui have not only amazed the world repeatedly, but also prompted new reflection on major questions concerning Sanxingdui, Chinese civilization, and world civilization. While research the artifacts unearthed from Sanxingdui is certainly of great importance, it is equally necessary to pursue a deeper exploration of the historical and cultural context behind these artifacts, and to analyze and compare, from a broader theoretical perspective, the cultural landscape, religious beliefs, and regional civilizational characteristics revealed by Sanxingdui, as well as its exchanges and mutual learning with ancient civilizations around the world. This task cannot be borne by archaeological circle alone but calls for comprehensive, multidisciplinary, multilevel, multifaceted, and multi-perspective joint-efforts so that we can truly understand the unique value of the Sanxingdui civilization and the tremendous contribution it made to human civilization as a whole. At present, it is crucial to adopt the right perspective and to examine the various archaeological remains and traces already unearthed, thereby setting out on the scientific path that will lift its veil. This paper puts forward three important dimensions: first, it is a splendid creation of the ancient Shu civilization; second, it maintained close ties with the Central Plains civilization and constitutes a concrete embodiment of the pluralistic and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization; third, it can be compared with ancient civilizations worldwide, enabling a dialogue between Chinese and other civilizations. It follows that applying the theories and methods of comparative archaeology to the study of the Sanxingdui civilization represents a viable path forward.

The era of Yao, Shun, and Yu as recorded in the literature broadly corresponds to the Longshan era in archaeological terms. This period is a critical stage in the formation and development of Chinese civilization, laying the historical and cultural foundation of early Chinese civilization. Rather than becoming preoccupied with the minor details of the documentary accounts of this era, we should adopt a relatively macro-level holistic analysis of the social conditions and historical circumstances reflected in the textual narratives. Ethnic identification, reverence for heaven and emulation of the ancestors, moral convergence, and the concept of centering were the four key factors driving the continuous integration of different tribes and clan-states during the Yao-Shun-Yu era, and served as the internal driving forces toward unity. These shared concepts and fundamental ideas gradually homogenized cultural beliefs and greatly promoted the transition of Chinese civilization from plurality to a pluralistic and integrated whole.

During the Warring States and Qin-Han periods, the Dianchi Lake region was home to a large number of parallel aristocratic lineages and political centers. The so-called “Zhuang Qiao as King of Dian” recorded in the literature is a legend that arose against a backdrop of multiple factors. The family of the “King of Dian”, from whose tomb (M6 at Shizhaishan, Jinning) the golden seal of the “King of Dian” was excavated, was regarded by the Han dynasty as descended from “Zhuang Qiao”. The popularity of this legend held appeal for the Han dynasty, for the Shizhaishan family in question, and for Sima Qian, who recorded it. For the Han dynasty, the legend provided historical justification for Huaxia governance over the indigenous ethnic tribes of the southwest and the Dianchi Lake region. For the family, an ancestral origin located in the remote outside could enhance the mystique and legitimacy of its rule. In reality, however, the Dianchi Lake region at that time sheltered a number of aristocratic families and political centers that ran in parallel with the “King of Dian” family of Shizhaishan, whose tomb scales and unearthed numbers of high-ranking ritual vessels surpassed those of the so-called “King of Dian’s tomb”. Among these multi-center aristocratic groups, there was both a tendency toward “mutual support among those sharing the same surname” and competition in such domains as ritual and the economy.

General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the “Global Civilization Initiative” at the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting. Composed of four “joint advocacies”, it constitutes a systematic ethical narrative. It is necessary to analyze the global ethical vision embedded in the Global Civilization Initiative from the perspectives of historicity, synchronicity, and totality. This vision embodies an ethical narrative of cognitive reconstruction, goal formation, core support, and logical mutual verification: namely, respecting the diversity of world civilizations as it deconstructs the theory of a single civilization, championing the common values of all humanity as it constructs a “theory of symbiotic order”, attaching importance to the inheritance and innovation of civilizations as it upholds the theory of cultural subjectivity, and strengthening international people-to-people exchanges and cooperation as it advocates a “theory of equal dialogue”. The Global Civilization Initiative has shaped a new paradigm for the ethical understanding of global civilization, provided an ethics-of-interaction solution of “mutual learning among civilizations” for the exchange and coexistence of world civilizations, and opened a new path for a new order of human civilization, thereby revealing profound moral-philosophical significance concerning international fairness and justice, peaceful development, and human well-being.

Since its inception in the 1980s, Chinese environmental ethics has developed for nearly half a century, from its initial “Eastward dissemination of Western learning” — the translation and introduction of Western writings on environmental ethics — to anchoring the construction of an independent knowledge system. After a period of rapid early growth in academic output, Chinese environmental ethics has entered a relatively “silent” phase. Reflection on the absence of a local perspective, the weakening of practical efficacy, and the practical demands of ecological civilization construction all urge Chinese environmental ethics to actively adjust its orientation — to strengthen its capacity to guide real life through values in building an independent knowledge system.