Abstract: The contemporary Western Marxist critical embraces two critical approaches: intrinsic criticism and extrinsic criticism. The development of contemporary liberal capital logic has transformed the irreconcilable opposition formed by classes into economic competition, leading to the gradual failure of intrinsic criticism. Western Marxism has generally shifted towards political theology in its demands for external criticism. The latter trend benefited from Schmidtt’s discussion on the concept of “politicization”. The political concept implies that the ontological relationship between rivals must shifted to be the dominant force that governs all other opposing relationships. Schmidtt regards the binary antagonistic structure constructed by Marx as limited only to the confrontation between economic factors, unable to transcend the barriers of liberal capitalist society, and therefore unable to truly criticize and surpass capitalism. Schmidtt’s evaluation reflects the theoretical dilemma faced by Western Marxist revolutionary discourse after capitalism was swallowed by the liberal economy and its ultimate legitimacy towards political theology.

Key words: Carl Schmitt, political theology, political nature, liberalism, intrinsic criticism