The critical theory alienation of labour, in the newly published Back to Marx (2^nd volume), is one of the core thematic clues that runs through the entire book. This interview focuses on Professor Zhang Yibing’s re-exploration and ideological construction of Marx’s late critical theory of alienation of labour III, showcasing the philosophical methodological foundation, logical evolution, and complex structural system of Marx’s construction of a scientific critical theory of alienation of labour in his Capital and its preparatory manuscripts. Marx realized that the material production perspective, general materialization perspective, and historical epistemology based on broad historical materialism cannot truly reveal the essence of capitalist economic relations and break through the ideological barriers of bourgeois economics, therefore, he returned to the perspective of the labor process in An Grandrisse and once again adopted Hegel’s phenomenological critical methodology to establish an economic materialization perspective, historical phenomenology, and critical epistemology based on narrow historical materialism. In his deep analysis of the internal mechanism of capitalist economic movement and its exploitative essence, Marx reintroduced the concept of alienation and constructed a scientific critical theory of alienation of labour III. In Capital, Marx replaced the critical analysis of alienation of labour with the critique of economic fetishism for practical considerations. But fundamentally, his scientific critical theory of alienation of labour III constitutes the foundation of Marx’s economic theory and critical theory of capitalism.

The contemporary Western Marxist critical embraces two critical approaches: intrinsic criticism and extrinsic criticism. The development of contemporary liberal capital logic has transformed the irreconcilable opposition formed by classes into economic competition, leading to the gradual failure of intrinsic criticism. Western Marxism has generally shifted towards political theology in its demands for external criticism. The latter trend benefited from Schmidtt’s discussion on the concept of “politicization”. The political concept implies that the ontological relationship between rivals must shifted to be the dominant force that governs all other opposing relationships. Schmidtt regards the binary antagonistic structure constructed by Marx as limited only to the confrontation between economic factors, unable to transcend the barriers of liberal capitalist society, and therefore unable to truly criticize and surpass capitalism. Schmidtt’s evaluation reflects the theoretical dilemma faced by Western Marxist revolutionary discourse after capitalism was swallowed by the liberal economy and its ultimate legitimacy towards political theology.

The development of new quality productive forces requires not only revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, but also innovative allocation of production factors, which is reflected in the demand for modes of organizing intelligent production under the trend of intelligent development. This article is based on the intelligent development direction of new quality productive forces, and conducts typological research on the modes of organizing intelligent production. The modes can be divided into the platform pattern of “multi-functional inter-connectivity”, the crowd-sourcing pattern of “decentralized channel expansion”, the sharing pattern of “convenient accessibility and mutual assistance”, and the co-construction pattern of “diverse collaborative scenarios”. To further develop new quality productive forces through the application of modes for organizing intelligent production requires the joint efforts based on three endogenous mechanisms. One is to activate personalized demand-driven mechanisms through big data platforms, the next is to promote intelligent resource aggregation mechanisms through demand-driven supply, and the last is to create intelligent environment shaping mechanisms guided by the people’s needs.

This paper, based on the actual needs of rural talent team construction in rural revitalization and combined with the background of vigorously promoting digital economy, explores the impact of the development of the digital economy on the willingness of migrant workers to get employed or start business in their hometown by employing the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2016-2018 and the digital economy related indices of various prefecture level cities. Empirical evidence supports the conclusion of theoretical analysis that the digital economy has a significant inhibitory effect, and this conclusion still holds true after a series of robustness tests. The results of mechanism testing show that employment quality plays a key mediating role, and individual age and urban government governance ability play negative and positive regulating roles respectively. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the digital economy bears a more obvious inhibitory effect on the willingness of the younger generation, and migrant workers getting employed in the eastern region and local cities. To promote the healthy development of the digital economy, actively guide high-quality migrant workers to return their hometown, and provide talent assistance for rural revitalization, the following policy measures should be taken: we should improve the construction of digital infrastructure, optimize the development environment of rural industries; we should promote the sustainable development of migrant workers and establish a mechanism for diverting them back to their hometowns; we should fully leverage the dividends of the digital economy and improve the employment quality of urban and rural workers.

Community is the primary-level foundation, and community workers are the backbone of community governance. In the local context, community workers are not only active managers, but also organizers of mass life who shoulder political functions. To fully play the leading role of the Party building in community governance means not only mobilizing the masses to handle community affairs well, but also educating and shaping them, i.e. to transform dispersed masses into powerful and conscious forces. In governance practice, as active managers, the more strategically community workers respond to assessments on indicator, process, and satisfaction, the weaker their ability of mobilization will be. The root cause of this problem lies in the substitution, brought about by the sinking of governance focus, of resource with mobilization. It is necessary, to reshape mass life organizers, explore and adopt a new form of organizational mobilization, namely limited mobilization targeting key groups and events.

The primary-level assessment mechanism is an important component of China’s cadre management system, carrying the policy mission of selecting outstanding primary-level officials and promoting primary-level governance. This paper, based on an integrated analysis of “value-system-action”, finds that the mechanism has experienced five stages: the initial stage (1921-1948), the transitional stage (1949-1977), the adjustment stage (1978-2001), the mature stage (2002-2011), and the deepening stage (2012-present). The deep structure that lies behind includes the “value logic” of putting the people first and pursuing duty and responsibility, the “historical logic” required by the transformation of primary-level society and governance, the “theoretical logic” nurtured by government performance and responsibility theory, and the “practical logic” demanded by primary-level political power and cause development. To the future, the assessment mechanism should adhere to the value orientation that puts the people first, the function positioning that places balanced emphasis on incentives and constraints, the operational principle that takes clear three-dimensional evaluation of performance, and the development orientation that focuses on dynamic collaborative adjustment.

As an important infrastructure in digital education transformation, the digital pedestal forms a system base by integrating the education cloud network and the core functions of data center, organization center, IoT center and applications center, providing important support for the reform of comprehensive school evaluation. This study firstly analyzes the current problems and challenges faced by school comprehensive evaluation in terms of value-oriented transformation, reconstruction of evaluation standards, and digitalization of evaluation methods from the perspective of China’s education evaluation reform, and constructs a digital base to empower the school comprehensive evaluation system: unifying the evaluation management and development functions to provide value leadership, relying on the generation of evaluation standards that unify commonality and individuality, and integrating and innovating digital evaluation methods based on the whole process of data collection, analysis and feedback, and process integration of innovative digital evaluation methods, thus realizing the evaluation organization form of multi-subject participation and negotiation. Finally, it is proposed that future research and practice can further deepen the comprehensive empowerment of the education digital pedestal for comprehensive evaluation reform from the aspects of evaluation index system multi-subjective integration, intelligent agents aid in reducing burdens and increasing efficiency, as well as numerical intelligence dashboard-driven data integration and characterization.

With challenges in algorithm, mechanism and value in data-enabled education evaluation, there has been an urgent need for a dedicated tool to turn the largest variables of data into the largest increment of education. The data brain of education evaluation, which takes data as the core element and key driver, provides a new path to this end. Based on the basic structure of the “human brain” and the “brain-like” functional system, the article relies on the three core elements of data, algorithms and arithmetic power to realize data mining, transmission, integration, analysis, presentation and application in a closed loop, so as to construct a data brain model for educational evaluation. The future application of the education evaluation data brain should incorporate multi-level linkage, establish firm base support, regulate data security, review algorithm alienation, expand evaluation applications and foster pilot demonstrations, so as to give full play to the potential value of data.

Four types of deep learning have been developed in school education, namely “deep learning that goes beyond surface learning”, “deep learning that covers multiple dimensions”, “deep learning that cultivates core competencies”, and “deep learning that targets to knowledge-creation”. The common assessment approaches available in China suffer from headaches in promoting deep learning, mainly told by the troubles in assessing implicit indicators and promoting learning through assessment. To improve assessment for promoting students’ deep learning, it is needed to reflect the examination doctrine to emphasize daily assessment and reflect “monologue-type assessment” to reinforce “dialogue-type assessment”. As the “test-oriented culture” is still available in China to some extent, the correlation between implicit and explicit indicators emphasized by deep learning should be particularly highlighted. At the same time, it is necessary to enhance teachers’ assessment literacy for deep learning, enrich their knowledge about assessment, continuously optimize their conceptions of assessment, so as to realize and reconstruct the identity of teachers as assessors for deep learning.

Digital infrastructure construction provides new impetus for narrowing the urban-rural income gap. Elucidating the mechanism through which digital infrastructure affects the urban-rural income gap, therefore, is of great significance for optimizing the strategy of digital rural development and achieving common prosperity between urban and rural areas. Based on theoretical analysis of the mechanism of narrowing the urban-rural income gap by digital infrastructure construction, empirical tests reveal that the construction of digital infrastructure significantly reduces the urban-rural income gap; and particularly it significantly raises rural residents’ wage income, property income, and transfer income. The mechanism tests indicate that the core mechanism that lies behind is achieved through the impacts of information expansion, job creation, and enhancement of human capital. The threshold effect tests show that the role of digital infrastructure is significantly enhanced when the level of marketization, human capital, and physical infrastructure improves. The research findings provide a new perspective and empirical evidence for understanding the relationship between digital infrastructure and the urban-rural income gap, and offer reference for promoting common prosperity between urban and rural areas.

Based on the merged data from Chinese customs and listed firms, this study employs text analysis to construct a comprehensive index for firm digital transformation, and examines its impact on export quality along with the underlying mechanisms. The results show that digital transformation can significantly enhance the quality of enterprises exports. This conclusion still holds after employing the “Next Generation Internet Demonstration City” policy as instrumental variables and conducting various robustness checks. The mechanism testing finds that digital transformation enables firms to import more varieties of higher-quality intermediate inputs, enhances their innovation capabilities, and optimizes their human capital structure, thereby promoting the upgrading of export quality. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that digital transformation exerts a more pronounced impact on export quality for products exhibiting greater quality differentials, state-owned enterprises, export destinations with farther distances, and locational regions with well-developed Internet infrastructures. These findings underscore the role of digital transformation in promoting high-quality exports, thereby offering pertinent policy insights to facilitate higher-level openness and advance the establishment of a trade powerhouse.

In the new media ecology, art ecology and industrial ecology of the Internet era, the online literary criticism is booming in response to the flourishing online literary creation and production. With the paradigm shift of digital culture, online literary criticism needs to, by adopting a systematic aesthetic perspective, highlight and strengthen the historical comparison between “tradition” and “modernity”, the synchronic reference between “China” and “the West”, and the reflexive perspective of “strengthening” and “revising”. The aesthetic orientation and thinking development in these three dimensions objectively reflect the new practice of online literature and art in literary criticism, and are crucial for online literary criticism to play a positive role and promote the prosperity and development of creative production.

The development of information technology and the Internet has brought about new changes in philosophical inquiry and theory, and pushed post-human thinking into the public cultural horizon. The body narratives in Chinese online literature present post-human characteristics, which are deeply related to technological changes. Time-travel narratives interpret human beings as information, during which the body is separated from consciousness and travels through multiple time and space, an artistic reproduction of virtual bodies roaming the Internet. System Stream narrative is a fusion of literary storytelling and game mechanics, and system occupying human bodies points to human-computer integration in cybernetic and informationalism perspectives, and metaphorically to post-human generation. The nomadic characters of network literature imply an inherent contradiction between disembodiment and embodiment, providing a perspective for human beings to re-examine the interaction between the body and technology.