Marx's critical research approach has shifted, from its early insight into legal, philosophical, and moral topics, to the later critical research on political economy concerning with real social and economic relations. Correspondingly, Marx's focus on problem consciousness, with the progress of his research approach, has also undergone changes. These problem consciousness, irrelevant to each other, revolve around Marx's core research approach, namely the concept of human liberation. Such concept has evolved from the early abstract freedom and equality to a comprehensive freedom based on social ownership of means of production, and then a realistic equality based on the principle of transcending feedback justice in the context of the new historical perspective. Political philosophy thinking runs through the critical study of Marxist philosophy and political economy. With this thread as a clue, the inherent continuity and systematicity of Marx's research approach in the problem domains of different periods and fields unveil.

Classic works of ethics touch upon the core of moral and ethical issues, thus bearing theoretical research value and practical care significance. To construct a self-independent knowledge system of Chinese ethics, it is necessary to innovate the interpretation its classic works from four aspects: the practical orientation of interpreting Marxist classics, the modern aspect of interpreting traditional Chinese classics, the Chinese context of interpreting Western classics, and the moral practice foundation of updating the paradigm of Chinese applied ethics. In the interpretation, it is necessary to start from the ethical practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, promote the traditional interpretation that keeps pace with the times, thoroughly grasp various materials, eliminate narrow populism, historical nihilism and other preconceived biases, and take the essence and discard the dross of various ethical ideas, thus extracting iconic concepts with Chinese characteristics to integrate the achievements of excellent human civilization. In the fusion of the “authentic understanding” and “modern interpretation” of the classics of ethics, a self-independent knowledge system of Chinese ethics that upholds integrity and innovation is truly constructed.

Institutional reform is a wide-ranging, complex, sensitive, and far-reaching activity, and its essence lies in institutional innovation, i.e. deep integration in structure, responsibilities, leadership, personnel, culture etc. Institutional reform, under different perspectives of organizational theory, gets involved in different implementation strategies and action logics. In terms of theory tool, institution, and culture, it mainly covers six key issues: refinement and negotiation of the reform plans, cross-level reform coordination, organizational structure integration, departmental power coordination, administrative system innovation, and organizational culture integration. It should be noted that institutional reform is one of the key issues for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The modernization of national governance, though it needs to be promoted and supported through institutional reform, cannot be achieved through it as institutional reform is not entirely equivalent to political and administrative system reform.

As a governance strategy to address the complexity of society, government service simplification aims to optimize government processes through digital technology, thus further enhancing service efficiency and effectiveness. However, the “technology-organization” composite driving mechanism breeds multiple risks: overloaded transaction burden, system crashes including data breaches and cyber attacks, intensified selective services and public emotions, as well as the amplification of regional digital “island effects”. The root cause lies in the mutual constraint between technology and organization, which drives the aggregation and superposition of risks: technology empowerment locks the organization into a “negative energy” cycle, technology embedding forms a “anti-manipulation” of the organization, technology tool rationality excludes the organization's public value, and technology “tournaments” stimulate local disparities. Therefore, to enhance government services requires more careful consideration and meticulous planning, as well as a balance between technological innovation and organizational efficiency while pursuing technological governance advantages, thus ensuring the compatibility and sustainability of technological progress and social justice.

How new quality agricultural productive force empowers the construction of a strong agriculture has become a question presented by the times for China's modernization of agriculture and rural areas. For interpreting this issue, a newly established framework starts from the technological embedding of digital agricultural production, the conversion of new quality agricultural productive force, and the leaping goal. Its inherent logic embraces a value logic that implies “strength”, “wealth”, and “beauty”, a driving logic that focuses on motivation, organization, and adjustment, and a realistic logic that aims at practical needs and innovative tasks. In terms of its promotion mechanism, we should embark on the following three aspects: iterating new technologies to increase momentum, restructuring new elements to increase forms, and expanding new spaces to increase scenarios, thus well releasing new quality agricultural productive force.

Under the guidance of the policy of building up a leading country in education, the coordinated development of education, technology, and talent is the key to promoting the integration of national scientific and technological innovation resources, future industrial development, and accelerating the formation of new quality productive force. STEM education is a key link that knots the three, thus fully leveraging their synergistic development. Through text analysis of STEM education policies in China and the United States, it is found that there are three potential problems in the development of China's STEM education: value misalignment, limited functionality, and ecological deficiency. In order to fully leverage the empowering role of STEM education in building an education power in the future, three development strategies should be adopted: clarifying the value positioning of STEM education, constructing practical guidelines for STEM education, and building an integrated ecosystem in the STEM education field. Only by taking multiple measures and systematically promoting STEM education in China can we truly break through the development bottleneck, radiate vitality, contribute to the cultivation of new quality talents and serve the national development strategy, thus promoting the construction of an education power to a new height.

Recent years has witnessed more and more graduates, under high employment pressure, cornered to act as “Dunkaozu” (“the squatting test group”, i.e. those unemployed college-degree candidates with sole preference to posts of governmental organizations or public institutions). According to the interview and questionnaire surveys conducted, most of them are voluntary to be a squatter, they get support from family, and they expect to work in government-sponsored organizations or institutions in big cities or hometown cities. From the perspective of hypothesis of rational man, such a social phenomenon is available in that the expected benefit is greater than the expected cost. The expected cost includes opportunity cost, economic cost and psychological cost-the severe employment situation has reduced the opportunity cost, and the support of family has lessened their economic and psychological costs; the expected benefit includes more employment opportunities and higher employment quality. “Dunkao”is a rational choice for unemployed graduates based on the maximization of the expected benefits, and it is a kind of human capital investment behavior, telling a kind of struggle spirit and life attitude of self-reliance, which can not and need not be completely eliminated. To deal with the phenomenon, it is urgent to enhance their chances of success in the exam, and improve the employment rate and quality.

Social and emotional skills are essential abilities acquired by individuals in solving life tasks, involving social communication skills as well as the ability to understand, manage, and express emotions. The preschool stage is the most critical and effective period for developing one's such skills equipped and developed in specific situations, game activities, and interpersonal communication. Through personal experience and direct exposure to relevant information or things, children connect their environment with their available experiences and easily remember their current experiences, thereby promoting the accumulation of relevant experiences. The embodied cognition theory emphasizes the core role of physical experience, the overall development of body and mind, as well as subjectivity, embodiment, situationality, and generativity. If such a perspective is employed, we should emphasize physical involvement, create embodied situations, and provide effective responses.

Digital technology innovation is a component of new quality productive force, and exported products quality upgrading is a basic requirement for high-quality openness and development. Focusing on the impact of digital technology innovation on the quality of exported products, this study explores the channels, mechanisms, and obstacles for promoting high-quality development through new quality productive force. Theoretical analysis shows that digital technology innovation reduces resource input and improves resource efficiency, and affects the product quality of incumbent enterprises and critical enterprise; its impact on average product quality presents uncertainty. Empirical analysis finds that digital technology innovation itself does not work well in bettering average product quality, but its cross term with traditional innovation is significantly robust and positive, which tells the necessity of the integration of data and reality, and that of old and new; this effect is not significant for medium and high-tech products, which means that their quality upgrading may rely more on the quality of technological innovation; the above conclusion is still significant after considering factors such as measurement error, sample selection, and endogeneity. It is thus concluded that promoting the integration of digital technology innovation and traditional technology innovation is the key to improving product quality and enhancing high-quality development, and new quality productive force cannot function in isolation from the old productivity.

Digital economy relying on high-tech like the Internet, cloud computing has become a driving force to lead social change, and the booming digital economy has thus been a new engine to drive economic growth. Based on the panel data of 47 countries along the “Belt and Road”, this paper analyzes the impact of digital economy on carbon emission intensity and its internal mechanism, and studies the spatial spillover effect of carbon emission reduction in digital economy. The results of the study show that the development of digital economy bears a significant negative impact on carbon emission intensity, that is, with the improvement of a country's digital economy, its carbon emission intensity tends to decrease; the impact is made through “technological innovation effect”, “trade scale effect” and “trade structure effect”; one country's development of the digital economy takes a significant inhibitory effect on the carbon emission intensity of its neighboring countries, that is, there is available a spatial spillover effect. China, therefore, should strive to promote high-quality development of the digital economy, deeply tap into new drivers of digital trade development, build digital platforms, and actively promote international cooperation in carbon reduction technologies.

Mental order is the core concept of understanding Fei Xiao-tong's thoughts late in life and its connotation embraces the methodological reflection “from society to people, from structure to mentality” and the exploration of “how order can be possible” in global society, the emphasis on the research on “moral relations” and “cultural mentality” in China's modern transformation, and the construction of the new order of Chinese Civilization rooted in inner peace and self-satisfaction, the harmonious diversity between different clans, and harmony without uniformity between countries, through “cultural consciousness”. This concept, as it sits upon the Chinese civilization tradition and the universally acknowledged common value and knots enriching the people's spiritual world and building a community with a shared future for mankind, provides ideological resources for interpreting the Chinese modernization drive and creating a new form of human civilization.

Shi Jing, also known as The Book of Poetry, embraces three sections namely Feng, Ya and Song, telling the author's clear consciousness of literary genre classification. Based on the definition and interpretation of Feng from Mao Shi Da Xu, the preface to Shi Jing, a study on its character form and literal meaning as well as its cultural significance in early society concludes that the literal sense of Feng draws from a local music with sexual and reproductive cultural implications that rest on Pan, a ritual food vessel. Its interpretations in later dynasties such as satire, Feng Jiao, tone, etc., are all derived from here. The literal sense of feng does shapes the style of Feng poetry in Shi Jing: firstly, through poetry collection, Feng transforms from “sexual relations and reproduction” to Feng Jiao, or moral enlightenment, thus shaping the style of Feng poetry; secondly, the literal sense of Feng determines the significant stylistic differences in content, function, and rhetorical structure between Feng poetry and Ya and Song.