Abstract: Social relations, as relatively stable patterns of interaction built upon social connections, have evolved in the digital era under the joint influence of technological innovation, economic transformation, political restructuring, and changes in everyday life. These new social relations are characterized by fluid connectivity, online-offline interaction, platform mediation, and hybrid complexity. While profoundly reshaping traditional interactive logic, they also generate contingent risks such as the erosion of political ecosystems by algorithmic power, the alienation of labor value by platform capital, the weakening of social integration due to transient connections, and the colonization of human cognition by technical rationality. These challenges trap digital civilization in a modern predicament of “high connectivity yet low sense of belonging”. In response, this study proposes a multi-dimensional governance framework encompassing institutional, technological, social, and cognitive aspects. Key measures include defining data rights and ensuring algorithmic transparency to curb technological hegemony, embedding ethics and promoting open-source ecosystems to steer technology toward good, introducing data dividends and gig worker protections to restore distributive justice, and fostering critical literacy and cognitive sovereignty to uphold human dignity. Together, these efforts form a resilient governance network aimed at redirecting digital technology from disrupting social structures to co-constructing healthy and sustainable social relations.

Key words: digital social relations, fluid connectivity, generative logic, contingent risks, digital civilization governance