Abstract: There are two problems that central government policy makers and target groups of the policy facethe scarcity of resources and the relative independence of interests. There problems often result in short-term cooperation but long-term non-cooperation in the game. Prisoner’s dilemma and gender difference are the two non-cooperation games between decision-makers of central government in the "grain for green" policy and target groups of the policy. The former game is caused by the opinion that abandoning is the optimal strategy, and the latter results from the idea that it is so hard to coordinate the differences of interests of different genders that the rationality of both genders gets into dilemma. Given the types and structures of the two games, in order to change the pattern of non-cooperation games and achieve the goal of collective rationality, it is necessary to introduce the power restriction of the third party to improve the mechanism of information communication and to make a sound policy system.

Key words: prisoner’s dilemma, gender difference, the restriction of the third party