Abstract: Data governance, though an irresistible trend currently, has embraced many weak links, facing a series of difficulties. The popularization and deepening of data applications have brought about digital security issues such as data security, privacy security, and data monopoly. The digital divide caused by the unequal and unbalanced development of digital technology has formed a brand-new digital inequality, and triggered deeper economic inequality and social inequality. On the one hand, the empowerment of data has brought about the challenge to traditional political authority, and on the other hand, it has promoted the strong rise of emerging super powers, thus making technological autocracy and digital Leviathan possible. The inherent contradiction of algorithm rules makes data governance fall into a dilemma of pursuing private interests or seeking public interests, relying on preference or focusing on equality, pursuing technology supremacy or observing human-oriented, hence the arise of algorithm discrimination, viral transmission, filtering bubbles, and bee colony thinking. The continuous penetration and involvement of artificial intelligence in social life, especially in the political field, will inevitably affect the reform of the governance system, the reorganization of the power structure, the change of democratic forms and the reconstruction of the ruling order. For this reason, we should cast attention to the potential risks of AI governance so as to prevent the gray future of machine governance.

Key words: data governance, digital security, digital inequality, digital Leviathan, artificial intelligence