The foundation of digital capitalism is laid through seizing and occupying data by means of new technologies such as big data and cloud computing, and forming a digital platform without rivals. Nevertheless, the development of digital capitalism and the problem of digital labor thus triggered have always been under the critique of Marxist alienated labor. This paper, starting from Marx’s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, makes a comparison between Marx’s industrial capitalism era and today’s Western digital capitalism era. With such an analysis, it clarifies the four dimensions of contemporary digital alienation labor, and analyzes the further abstraction of contemporary digital capitalism to users. Finally, it is proposed that the key to break through the barrier of digital capitalism and move towards digital socialism lies in the sublation of digital alienated labor and the eventual return to the human nature, that is, to a society that truly conforms to human nature.

Data governance, though an irresistible trend currently, has embraced many weak links, facing a series of difficulties. The popularization and deepening of data applications have brought about digital security issues such as data security, privacy security, and data monopoly. The digital divide caused by the unequal and unbalanced development of digital technology has formed a brand-new digital inequality, and triggered deeper economic inequality and social inequality. On the one hand, the empowerment of data has brought about the challenge to traditional political authority, and on the other hand, it has promoted the strong rise of emerging super powers, thus making technological autocracy and digital Leviathan possible. The inherent contradiction of algorithm rules makes data governance fall into a dilemma of pursuing private interests or seeking public interests, relying on preference or focusing on equality, pursuing technology supremacy or observing human-oriented, hence the arise of algorithm discrimination, viral transmission, filtering bubbles, and bee colony thinking. The continuous penetration and involvement of artificial intelligence in social life, especially in the political field, will inevitably affect the reform of the governance system, the reorganization of the power structure, the change of democratic forms and the reconstruction of the ruling order. For this reason, we should cast attention to the potential risks of AI governance so as to prevent the gray future of machine governance.

To pursue modern national governance, its citizens are supposed to equip with high political knowledge literacy and political cognitive ability as ignorant and blind citizens may mislead decision-makes to adopt irrational public policies and create an imbalanced public opinion space. The “D-K effect”, employed in social psychology to reveal the overconfidence phenomenon that “the ignorant are more confident”, is adopted in this study with Chinese ordinary netizens and Chinese college students as the survey objects, to make a statistical analysis on the political cognitive ability of the Chinese people. The results show that:1) compared with the latter, the former has a lower level of political cognition; 2) there are also gaps in their cognition of their own actual political knowledge: netizens with lower political cognition tend to overestimate while these with higher political cognition tend to underestimate their own political knowledge. Generally speaking, “D-K effect” is commonly available in the political field and there is a significant correlation between cognitive closure, authoritarian personality and overconfidence, which can partly explain the source of overconfidence. How to improve the political cognitive ability of some people under the new situation of broadening the channels for the public to participate in and discuss politics has become an urgent problem for China’s national governance in the new era, this paper finds.

Data has become an important strategic resource for the modernization of national governance capacity and governance system. China’s data governance system is not perfect and the governance model is linear and single, which renders the governance efficiency not obvious. In recent years, agile methods, which have sprung up in software engineering, have gained success due to its dynamic efficiency and strong responsiveness, thus providing theoretical basis and experience reference for solving the current data governance problems. Therefore, a probe, starting from the connotation characteristics, value objectives and development trends of data governance, into the theoretical and practical significance of agile methods to data governance with an aim to construct the theoretical analysis framework of data agile governance, this paper finds, can provide theoretical basis and policy guidance for better realization of data governance.

The meta-universe means to construct a new space with the content “as much as the universe”. Content production has become a public problem, and the production situation and action environment of content producers need special attention. From the perspective of digitization process, the openness of Internet technology, the development of digital intelligence technology, the diversification of digital interfaces, in particular to the digital production enabled by social tools, have jointly cultivated two types of content producers, namely, natural people and “humanoid” based on artificial intelligence, forming a new content producer structure. The content producers are facing new production space, and they mainly rely on digital labor to produce “works” and the viewership instead of price has become an important standard to evaluate the quality of “works”. In the meta-universe, the use of new digital tools, the user production mechanism, and the integration of platform production and scene production jointly create a complex new production relationship. The content production, space production, space politics and the complexity of political space in the meta-universe have brought various impacts. In this unique space, the content producer is the actor, and is most sensitive to the impact of the new space of the meta-universe: it is more inclined to walk into the algorithm swamp, the dishonesty swamp and the privacy swamp. In the content production, therefore, the “swamp mode” should be avoided.

Meta-universe is a “game medium” born under the digital revolution. It has been creating a new digital political life because of its unique immersive and realistic attributes. The political subjects in the meta universe can experience the new digital life politics, digital situation politics and digital game politics; it is creating the illusion of digital politics simultaneously. The meta-universe softens serious political issues, immerses the body and mind of political subjects, and intensifies the information security risks of political subjects. It is particularly necessary and urgent to manage the risks faced by digital political subjects in the meta-universe. The hidden risks brought by the meta universe to political subjects should be regulated from the technical dimension based on artificial intelligence, algorithms and block-chain as well as the value dimension based on ethics and rule of law.

The modernization of urban governance is the cornerstone of that of national governance. As the intelligent upgrading of a city is an important symbol that well tells the concept of “the people’s city”, how to carry out the upgrading scientifically and orderly is concerned with the reform of urban governance system. This paper presents the essence of urban intelligent upgrading—its originating from urban complex system, and the three kinds of disorder risks (the core characteristics) its forms and deals with on the basis of the interaction of different subjects in different stages. According to the self-adaptive logic of “human-machine-network-brain”, the paper puts forward that the upgrading needs to follow the four functional effects of “scale, network, coordination and matching”, the evolution of intelligence itself. The application and practice of the urban brain reflect the coupling change between the traditional urban management system of the local government and the application of digital technology in the upgrading. To promote this coupled change in an orderly manner, local government should make adjustments to its responsibilities, structure and boundaries.

“Internet+government service” bears the characteristics of convenience and high efficiency, and it faces potential security risks such as data leakage and tampering, virus intrusion and hacker attack, headaches which can well be coped with by the block-chain for its unique advantages like decentralization, distributed storage, information tamper proof and information transparency. Therefore, based on the block chain empowerment, a data security governance barrier integrating public chain empowerment, alliance chain empowerment, side chain empowerment and technology group empowerment is a feasible path to ensure data security and promote the orderly development of “Internet+government service”.

Digital economy is an important part of the modernization framework of the economic system, and its high-quality development is inseparable from the support of effective supporting policy system. This paper constructs the analysis framework of “policy tool-policy preference”, and takes the digital economic development policies issued by China’s provincial governments since 2017 as a sample to carry out documents quantitative research. The study finds that local governments have given all-round regulation and support to the development of digital economy. Even so, there have been some problems in China’s provincial digital economy policies, such as the lack of balance of basic policy tools and their internal structure, significant differences in the layout of policy preferences, and insufficient combination adaptability between policy tools and policy preferences. Local governments should start from optimizing the structural system of policy tools, promoting the balanced development of the layout of policy preferences, paying attention to the overall adaptation of policy tools and policy preferences so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of digital economy.

The key to the mutual integration and mutual promotion between the data value chain and China’s regional industrial chains and the realization of their roles in China’s economic growth lies in the realization of “monetization” through the data factor market. However, the development of China’s data factor market has lagged behind, which renders it a prominent weak link for constructing high-standard market system, progressing the domestic circulation and promoting the domestic and international circulations. Therefore, it is necessary to take the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Pearl River Delta and other regions as the central hubs to crack the “blocking points” and “pain points” such as industrial barriers, regional barriers, policy barriers and rule barriers of domestic and cross-border flows of data required for “reinforcing the chain”, promote the integration of regional data element market from the macro, meso and micro mechanisms, and gradually establish a unified data element market based on “domestic circulation and effective linkage of domestic and international circulations” by improving the level of “reinforcing the chain” at the enterprise-platform, breaking down various barriers at the region-industry level and strengthening the governance system construction of data value chain at the national level.

Digital inclusive finance, as an extension of inclusive finance, fits the essential requirement of financial innovation for high-quality economic development, and is bound to be the most important driving force to promote high-quality development of China’s agricultural and rural economy and sustainable reduction of the urban-rural income gap in the future. This paper empirically analyzes the threshold effect of digital inclusive finance on the urban-rural income gap through the construction of a panel threshold model based on the data of Chinese provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) from 2011 to 2020. The findings show that:1) digital inclusive finance development helps narrow the urban-rural income gap, but there is a double threshold for this effect, and the robustness test of replacing the explanatory variables confirms this conclusion; 2) if we divide China into three major zones, less developed, more developed and developed provinces, according to the threshold of GDP per capita, it is found that digital inclusive finance development significantly narrows the urban-rural income gap in the more developed and developed provinces, i.e. it provides an important “digital opportunity”; 3) farmers in less developed provinces are facing a significant “digital divide”. Under the catalysis of “new driving forces” such as data elements and digital technology, digital finance provides a “new path” for achieving common prosperity. To alleviate the imbalance between urban and rural development and inadequate rural development, and promote common prosperity of farmers and rural areas, it is necessary to further alleviate the gap between urban and rural digital infrastructure, crack the digital application gap between urban and rural residents, and ease the digital development gap between financial institutions.

The entry of deep learning from the computer field into pedagogical research is not a simple concept “transfer”, but an innovative development realized on the basis of critically absorbing the research results in the fields of computer, cognitive psychology and profound reflection on the current situation of education. It, therefore, has a scientific internal logic. The pedagogical research of deep learning has always been based on the essence of educating people. With the progress of the times, its connotation of understanding transfer, subject initiative, high-level thinking, wholehearted engagement and complex problem solving has become increasingly rich. However, in the process of development, the practical drawbacks such as vague concept, difficult implementation and unexplainable results have gradually become prominent. Therefore, its pedagogical research needs to adhere to people-oriented and focus on solving students’ learning problems; it is necessary to go deep into the internal of learning to clarify the interactive nature of deep learning; it needs to condense the advantages of multi-disciplinary research and develop its own characteristic; it’s necessary to create evaluation criteria to improve the accessibility.