Positioning and understanding Chinese path to modernization in a comparative framework will help to grasp the Chinese characteristics based on its national conditions on the basis of grasping the global characteristics.In the initial stage, China's modernization started from thecatch-up through the comparison between tradition and modernity, followed by China's having been learning from “others”, or any “stronger”. In realizing China's modernization, we should avoid falling into the two extremes between defending “tradition” and accepting overall westernization. In view of this, we should summarize the common characteristics of modernization in various countries, guide the modernization process of the country with a complete modernization plan, and accurately position the target mode of modernization between the general trend of modernization and national subjectivity.

Structural functionalism once prevailed and occupied the mainstream of social science research. However, due to its expertise in macro analysis and lack of attention to individual actions, it has been widely criticized. More and more researchers leave alone the shackles of structure, system, value, culture, etc., and focus on specific action and event study. The micro exquisite research paradigm thus has been a tide. On the whole, though there lies a gap between structural functionalism and its criticism, the two are complementary, rather than threatens to each other. It should be noted that all actors are within the structure, and their behaviors are inevitably explained by the structure. Due to the different division of labor, it is structuralism rather than other doctrines that can abstract society with a theoretical approach. Introducing process into structural analysis and constructing a “structure process” analysis paradigm can activate detailed action elements while linking general structures. In the great age, it is possible for researchers to analyze big issues and produce big theories by adopting the structure-process paradigm.

In terms of the governance structure of the Yellow River Basin, there were the problems of single function and insufficient coordination until the Yellow River National Strategy came out, resulting in a change of the governance structure and a promotion of a series of cross-boundary collaborative governance. In order to reveal the mechanism between governance structure remodeling and cross-boundary collaboration, this research introduces the concept of policy regime as an observation carrier, combines the perspective of policy regime with the structure-process paradigm, builds an analytical framework for cross-boundary collaborative governance, and analyzes the strategies of action subjects to improve collaborative governance after the unveiling of the Yellow River national strategy. It is found that under the dual role of central high-level promotion and economic incentive, local governments actively respond to central strategic planning and seek cross-boundary collaborative governance to improve organizational functions. The Yellow River governance policy system is thus inspired and consolidated; through a shift of the focus, working ideas and organizational structure, collaborative practices such as watershed ecological compensation mechanism and cooperative alliance have been carried out, realizing the restructuring of organizational relations and functions, at length forming a more stable and reasonable governance structure, which has further strengthened the cross-boundary synergy effect.

The vigorous growth of community foundations in the world today has become a significant symbol of global changes in local public affairs governance, and their century-long development in Europe and America has fully demonstrated their important role in primary-level social governance, behind which there must have been a set of effective institutional implications. Given all this, this article mainly summarizes the practical experience of community foundations rooted in community development in developed countries and regions such as Europe and America from the aspects of system, needs, technology, cultural quality, incentive mechanisms, and resources, with an aim to provide reference for Chinese community foundation's localization and participation in the new pattern of primary-level social co-construction and co-governance.

The inclusive creation of public spaces means to collaborate and build all interest groups. However, inequality and exclusivity currently render the lack the inclusiveness of diverse groups, thus hindering the sustainable development of cities. The article first reviews the shift from spatial design to the creation mechanism of inclusive issues. Taking the inclusive creation of agricultural parks in community public space as an example, it discusses the dilemma of internal and external isolation of multiple stakeholders' interests and responsibilities. Then, drawing inspiration from the theory of “The Impossible Trinity” in public governance, the article proposes a framework for inclusive construction with “co-governance hub” as the organizational core, that is, to achieve inclusive construction of multi-party integration through a collaborative co-governance organizational platform. The article, in conclusion, elaborates on the inclusive construction and implementation mechanism based on local consensus construction, primary-level autonomy cultivation, multi-party power connection, and professional design guidance within the framework of the community co-governance hub, providing reference for the inclusive development of multi-party collaboration in China's community public spaces.

With the increase in government procurement of services from social organizations, government funding has become the main source of funding for most social organizations. The perspective of government-society relations is the traditional path to explain government support, and few studies have revealed the motives behind government funding from a trust and data-based perspective. The paper adopts a mixed research design, based on 384 valid samples collected through snowballing sampling, and employs the least squares method to verify factors involved in social organizations' access to government funding; on this basis, the multi-case comparison method is adopted to further reveal the mechanism of action between various factors. The paper reveals that government tends to choose “relational trust” rather than “professional trust” indicators to measure whether to provide funding. The formation of relational trust mechanisms promotes mutual recognition in the interaction, and social organizations with an open, explicit, and formal organizational trust are more likely to receive government funding. This indicates that: 1) under this non-competitive government funding allocation mechanism, once social organizations allocate too much resources to relationship building, they may reduce their investment in professional abilities; 2) in the long run, government funding allocation will deviate from the optimal threshold, and it will not be able to achieve the original intention of designing a government procurement service system.

Performance management, born in governance practice, has been initially employed to assist decision-making, improve governance, and enhance the role of cadres. However, in practice, cadres are trapped in “red-taped” performance indicators and fall into the performance paradox of “being governed by performance”. In this context, it is necessary to reflect on the value of the “Occam's Razor” in performance management. The article is based on the analysis of Guangxi experience of government performance management in motivating cadres. It is found that current measures adopted, such as simplifying the procedure, identifying accurate targets, and focusing the performance, are in line with minimalist governance. There, across China, in general have been cumbersome and unscientific evaluation systems, unclear and multi-directional incentives, and overloaded and imperfect evaluation systems, complex and inflexible methods and the like, challenges that renders Guangxi experience, i.e. minimalist governance, very essential to motivate cadres to take on responsibilities. To be more specific, the article finds, we should adopt a streamlined indicator system, strengthen positive incentives, improve management efficiency, and optimize evaluation methods.

The comprehensive curriculum focuses on the “connections” between disciplines, but ignores the depth of knowledge acquisition. In contrast, the teaching of one single discipline ensures the depth of knowledge transmission, but it leaves alone the “connections” between disciplines. To break such a dilemma depends on “interdisciplinary thematic learning” as it can deepen students' intuitive understanding of knowledge through interdisciplinary connections and cooperation, and enable them to “know what it is and why it is”, thereby promoting students' deep mastery of knowledge. To achieve high-quality “interdisciplinary thematic learning”, the path of “generation” should be abandoned and teachers should select teaching content carefully, organize materials reasonably, and design teaching scientifically.

The essence of a discipline is education, a core concept which is defined by The Curriculum Program for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) and The Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) as the development of students' core literacy, and according to which disciplinary practice is the specific path to implement disciplinary education. Disciplinary practice focuses on the unique learning way, highlights its unique educational value; the practical approach transforms subject knowledge learning into developmental literacy; disciplinary practice helps to leverage the comprehensive educational factors of disciplines and achieve the unity of disciplinary knowledge and education. To carry out such practical activities, the first step is to transform the disciplinary education goals into concrete and actionable disciplinary practice goals; secondly, it is necessary to design high-value, multi-dimensional, and diverse practical activities based on the characteristics of the discipline; furthermore, it is necessary to form a practice operation logic guided by problems and centered on activities; finally, it is necessary to provide multifaceted support to promote students to independently complete the practice.

Financial development plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between economic growth and environmental pollution. Based on the data collected from 30 provinces in China from 1999 to 2018, this article adopts the Spatial Dubin Model to analyze the mechanism and effectiveness of financial development on industrial pollution emissions. The results indicate that: 1) the development of financial depth directly promotes industrial pollution emissions, while the development of financial efficiency directly suppresses industrial pollution emissions; 2) financial development regulates the impact of economic scale, industrial structure, and technological progress on industrial pollution emissions, but the regulatory effect varies depending on the financial development indicators and pollutant selection; 3) there is an inverted N-type environmental Kuznets curve relationship between economic growth and industrial pollution emissions.

Space political economy has focused on discussing issues related to urban development and balance, but few studies have targeted to the impact of city administrative hierarchy on urban development and spatial imbalance. Taking urban infrastructure construction as an example, this empirical test finds that in China's urban expansion, the financing capabilities varies depending on the city's administrative hierarchy, and such discrepancy expands over time and exhibits regional heterogeneity. Specifically, the financing advantages brought by administrative hierarchy weigh lest in China's eastern region, followed by the central and western regions, and weighs most in the northeast, presenting a unique pattern of inland provincial capital cities standing out. At the same time, the central balanced development policy has reduced the financing gap between China's east and west, making up for the financing disadvantages of some backward cities; the spatial spillover effect of high administrative level cities has also received empirical support; in the integrated urban agglomeration region of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, cities are more likely to bear financing advantages due to the regional coordinated development. Therefore, in order to improve the spatial efficiency and sustainability of urban development, we should gradually establish a horizontal inter-city support system centered on high administrative hierarchy under the existing vertical support system and through the design of top-level policy support, so as to finally realize the coordinated development and win-win situation of metropolitan area.

Studying the governance of clan organizations enhances our insight into the nature of local governance of traditional society. From the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, clans played a significant role in local governance, especially in that of taxation and corvee, a undeniable truth which has been explained by a large amount of literature. However, opinions of scholars have been divided regarding the nature of clans and their significance in the governance, especially on the former issue, i.e. whether clans are spontaneously evolved blood groups or artificially constructed patriarchal clan systems. On account of this, it is necessary to explore the transformation of clan roles, and the incentive and constraint mechanisms behind the governance role of clans against the background of taxation and corvee reforms in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and further probe into their nature and significance in local social governance. An analysis of the understanding of relevant subjects on the property ownership relationship and their opinions on the way in which taxes and corvee are apportioned, and a discussion, from the perspective of institutional implementation, of the boundaries of property ownership, the principles of tax and corvee bearing, and the effectiveness of contract implementation in the patriarchal clan society, reveal that in addition to blood ties, the identification of patriarchal concepts plays an important role in clan governance. As a result, groups such as Fang Zhang and Shen Shi, as spokespersons of imperial power, dominate local governance, and by patriarchal relationships, the patriarchal property rights system is strengthened and public affairs cooperation is constrained.