As Chinese path to modernization, driven by the informatization and digital edges, strides forward, the replacement of labor force by cutting-edge AI technologies such as ChatGPT has aroused people’s anxiety about technology, thus reconsidering the labor value in the new era. In the process of modern industrialization, people realized their value through labor as a commodity, while technology generated unfettered labor time, labor processes, and labor outcomes by extending labor time, expanding the proportion of surplus labor time, and producing a relatively surplus labor population. As a new stage of industrialization, artificial intelligence, on one hand, provides workers with a great material foundation and free time; on the other, it denies the use of labor as a commodity to prove human value, and poses greater challenges to the sharing of labor results. With the maturity of artificial intelligence, labor as a commodity gradually withdraws and sharing redistribution schemes continue to improve, which may lead to a path dependence of avoiding work, pursuing nihility and consumerism. Even so, human value still comes from labor-this stage of labor needs to achieve diversity, freedom, and otherness on the basis of creativity. China should also develop artificial intelligence through continuous optimization of government investment structure and market clearance, and make the promotion of creative labor a key focus of future governance, thus achieving labor value guided by government governance, relying on the enhancement of individual governance capabilities, and following the pattern of shared governance among the whole people.

The motivation for the reform of local large department system is to reduce administrative expenses and improve administrative efficiency by merging some departments (both the Party and the government bodies) with the same or similar functions, thus streamlining institutions and personnel. Similar pilot reforms have been carried out in some counties and districts in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Guangdong, and other provinces without achieving the expected results. Such a dilemma has arisen because there lacks the correspondence with the departments and institutions of the higher-level government after the reform, resulting in operating costs exceeding that generated by the original structure, an in-vain effort. The action logic of the reform, from the perspective of institutional change, is decided jointly by the environmental pressure, path dependence, and interest compensation; the reform is essentially an institutional change that must comply with the principle of cost-effectiveness for sustaining the operation of the system generated by the reform. This also determines that an approach of marginal progression rather than a totally new pattern should be adopted.

With the vigorous development of information technology in recent years, holistic governance, which emphasizes both value rationality and tool rationality, has gradually become a leading model in governance practice, and which many primary-level governments have also taken advantage of to build step by step their public security prevention and control systems. In view of this, this paper, from the perspective of holistic governance, by constructing an integrated analysis framework of “concept-goal-structure-means-mechanism”, starts from the governance practice of “Peace Alliance” in B Street, Y District, conducts an in-depth research on the implementation status and effectiveness of the holistic public security prevention and control system, and explores the general construction rules, with an aim to provide evidence support and direction reference for the digital and integrated development of this primary-level system. It is found that primary-level governments achieve the overall linkage of the public security prevention and control systems through the collaborative promotion of five major elements: “integration of multiple advantages”, “equal emphasis on internal and external needs”, “multiple main forces”, “digital technology collaboration”, and “collaborative construction and sharing”. The holistic governance has drawn a blueprint for the development of primary-level public security, and provided theoretical reference and practical guidance for addressing issues such as fragmentation.

The academic discussion on the administrative nature of autonomous organizations mostly focuses on its number of tasks and its administrative attributes. From the perspective of residual control rights, this article elaborates on the characteristics and task processes of three models: bureaucratic system, political and social cooperation, autonomy and multi-center governance. It attempts to gain a more comprehensive understanding of different community governance models. The article, with an analysis framework of “task specialization-task quantity”, divides the autonomous organizations into four types: hierarchical type, service purchase, subsidy, and resident autonomy. It further adopts a multi-case comparative analysis method to present and analyze the differences in different organizational structures. The results show that 1) autonomous organizations, in order to complete specialized tasks, will rely on external resources, while the trend of internal system stratification is obvious; 2) the hierarchical structure of autonomous organizations, in coping with tasks with a high degree of specialization, has become a reasonable choice. Both “bureaucracy” and “autonomy” are only the operational methods and attributes of autonomous organizations in the primary-level governance; administerization is not the result of simply assigning administrative tasks by the government; “bureaucracy” should not be seen as a negative phenomenon that must be removed. A hierarchical organizational structure is inherently more efficient, especially in the context of specialized multitasking governance.

An exploration of the issue of execution can easily avoid its structural roots within the national governance system. Instead, it always focuses on the street bureaucrats at the end of national governance. An analysis of the elements of vertical governance structure and street bureaucratic action, and a further examination of the arrangement and combination of these elements, reveal that the systematic environment of street bureaucratic action bears dual dimensions of administration and politics, a vertical structure that constantly collapses towards the primary-level, accompanied by the relative decline of primary-level administrative organizations. The conflicts in the dimensions of identity, execution, and responsibility within the structure lead to the fragmentation of street bureaucratic actions in the context, resulting in the dilemma of politics wrapping administration, administration replacing politics, administration squeezing out governance, and governance relying on administration. To reposition the primary-level administration in the vertical structure and coordinate actions and structures, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between formal and semi-formal administrations, clarify the political system logic of functional allocation between levels, and cultivate the social governance foundation of national fundamental power. This truly provides solid structural conditions and institutionalized guarantees for street bureaucratic actions to meet the expectations of superiors and respond to social needs.

Interdisciplinary theme-based teaching, as it highlights the collaborative education of different disciplines, can enhance the joint development of core literacy of different disciplines, and strengthen students’ ability to recognize the world as a whole with interdisciplinary thinking. In terms of the proper orientation, the relationship between the teaching and comprehensive practical activity courses, as well as the implementation suggestions, it is analyzed that interdisciplinary theme-based teaching has a clear purpose and uniqueness, and should reflect the teaching objectives that traditional teaching of a single subject course cannot achieve. It is not a simple patchwork of multiple subjects. Instead, it should focus on a certain subject, and effectively integrate other disciplines around thematic tasks, and it can also be reflected as knowledge integration within the discipline for lower grades; it is the inheritance and innovation of comprehensive practical activity courses, which should highlight the internal logic of the main subject and implement targeted teaching methods based on students’ characteristics and types of thematic content.

The requirements and suggestions for teachers’ professional development are clearly put forward for the first time in the Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards (2022), which fully highlights the supporting and guaranteeing role of teaching and research. The top-level design of teaching and research work reflects its systematic and hierarchical nature, organically integrates school teaching and research, regional teaching and research, and regional teacher training institutions, and emphasizes the integration of resources between the teaching and research system and higher education research institutions, thus jointly promoting the improvement of education and teaching quality from different perspectives. Regional teaching and research should improve its positioning and coordinate the pattern of teaching and research work. School-based mode should change from compulsion to attraction, the theme should shift from abstract to specific, and the technical support should ascend from network pattern to “Internet plus teaching and research”. Meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen the training of trainers and gather all forces to build a community for teachers’ professional development.

The challenges faced by the Chinese economy after the COVID-19 are no less than that brought about by the external demand collapse during the 2008 international financial crisis. Their common lies in the overproduction caused by insufficient effective demand for final consumption, rather than simply insufficient total demand. The reason is that the supply effect of China’s efficient investment far exceeds the demand effect that foreign markets and domestic private sectors absorb its output. In this case, the focus of economic policy should be to address the problem of insufficient effective demand for final consumption with increasing national fiscal expenditure as its main measure. The “four-trillion-yuan investment plan” in 2008 mistakenly focused on investment rather than insufficient effective demand for final consumption, which resulted in new overproduction. The superposition of old and new overproduction triggered the subsequent contraction, thus resulting in the continuous decline of economic growth rate, the high corporate debt ratio and the increased unemployment. The impact of the COVID-19 has made this situation even so serious that the current Chinese economy is in danger of falling into a “chronic depression period”. In order to quickly resolve this dilemma and return the Chinese economy to the track of “medium to high growth”, China should adopt more active fiscal policies in the next decade or so, i.e. we should, through fiscal support, continually and significantly increase the income level of workers, especially low-income groups, and enhance the level of public service consumption to solve the problem of insufficient effective demand for final consumption, which is also the fundamental way to solve the current unemployment problem. To this end, the Central government should take the following policy measures in terms of expenditure: implementing employment security plans on a large scale, significantly increasing fiscal expenditure on public services, solving local government financial difficulties through central government fiscal transfers, and making strategic investments in technology innovation, renewable energy revolution, and the next industrial revolution to prevent inflation.

The in-depth application and continuous development of the digital economy can promote the increase of total economic volume, which in turn brings a larger space for the growth of tax revenue. To this end, based on the interpretation of the impact of digital economy development on tax revenue and its impact mechanism, this paper employs the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2011-2019 to empirically analyze such impact mechanism. It is found that: digital economic development can significantly promote the growth of tax revenue, and it presents heterogeneous characteristics among different industrial tax revenues, different tax types, and different sub-points. The results of mechanism analysis show that: the increase in industrialization strengthens the promotion effect of digital economic development on tax revenue; moreover, digital economic development raises tax revenue by promoting the advanced industrial structure. Further analysis results show that: there is a significant positive spatial correlation between the impact of digital economy development on tax revenue: digital economy development can not only significantly promote the growth of tax revenue within provinces, but also play a significant positive spillover effect on the growth of tax revenue in other provinces. Therefore, we should promote the construction of new industrialization, enhance the deep integration of digital economy and traditional economy, accelerate the evolution of advanced industrial structure, and strengthen the regional collaboration mechanism of digital economy development to narrow the “digital divide” between regions.

It is the task of the era in China today to build philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics, and it is also the mission of the era for Chinese scholars relevant. However, this mission can never be completed only by getting rid of the “apprenticeship state” and making “self-assertion”. In fact, the western philosophy and social sciences, when introduced to China, were fully accepted initially, but very soon they met scholars’ reflections. Although such reflections are not copies, in-depth and continuous, of their European peers who have gradually constructed their own system. However, starting from Yan Fu, Liang Qichao, those early pioneers to today’s academia, the reflection on western theories is also quite profound. On the contrary, a good reflection on China’s own academic tradition has long been ignored, while such reflection is the necessity for the growth of the philosophy and social science system with Chinese characteristics. In addition, the mission itself needs not only to be localized, but also to be globalized.

Comte, the founder of sociology, interprets the spirit of positivism associated with the rationality of industrial society and his positivism serves as the foundation stone for the discipline of sociology. The sociological thought and positivism shared by both Comte and Spencer point to the analysis of industrialization, involving the transition of “physics” to the context of “society”. Comte’s positivism and its spirit involve the construction of industrial society’s value and types. On the one hand, his positivism and the new philosophy reflection on industrial society have promoted the rational education of positivism to popularize the public and influenced the development of modern social science. On the other hand, he avoids the core problems of resource allocation and social rules faced by the French working class. Comte’s “industrial society” doctrine and his reflections on it still need to be analyzed and explored in the context of the historical development of the sociological community and its pioneering scholars.

ChatGPT is an auto-regressive language model aimed at using “deep learning” to generate natural language that humans can understand and it is just the latest form of artificial intelligence development. Even with strong ability to store and remember knowledge, ChatGPT does not have self-awareness. In this regard, for ChatGPT and humans, one always transcends the other, with both rational and irrational factors intertwined and transcending each other. This situation is also manifested in the tearing relationship between the instrumental rationality of language logic and human perceptual life. Due to the fact that we are actually transitioning from the language age to the image age, images will bring language life back to emotional life, which is disconnected from previous civilizations and augurs, predicting the upcoming of post human era.