Civilization is a systematic concept that can be interpreted at the material, institutional and spiritual levels. The advancing of world modernization profoundly proves that the progress and leap of social productivity and the evolution of human society constitute different forms of human civilization, significant symbols of human social progress. Chinese modernization is an advanced exploration from the general theory to the special practice. It forms the Chinese embodiment of world modernization by relying on its ideas and practical achievements, and further opens up a new form of human civilization in the overall dimension of material civilization, institutional civilization, and spiritual civilization with its essential requirements and distinctive characteristics.

Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and it is no doubt a new cultural chapter composed in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics by the Chinese Communists, mainly represented by Comrade Xi Jinping, with a panoramic view of the overall balance between domestic and international situations and the integration of Marxist cultural thought and China’s fine traditional culture. China’s fine traditional culture is one of the important theoretical sources of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture as it relies on the “Two Integrations”, and digs into the best of the China’s excellent traditional culture-it, while upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, puts forward the cultural innovation policy of “The Second Integration”, i.e. to integrate the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s fine traditional culture; it, while upholding the mindful of potential dangers and human spirit, puts forward the cultural development goal of “developing a modern Chinese civilization”; it, while upholding the symbiotic spirit of embracing the world with virtue, puts forward the cultural integration approach of “enhancing exchanges with other civilizations”. With such an in-depth analysis, we conclude that Xi Jinping Thought on Culture has more distinctive characteristics as it bears such rich China’s fine traditional culture genes.

As data is a key element in promoting the “AI+” initiative, its governance is conducive to the liberation of new productivity. In the context of the new requirements and challenges posed by the “AI+” initiative on personal data, enterprise data, and public data, it is necessary to adopt a hierarchical governance approach, based on the principles of promoting data circulation and ensuring data security, distinguish governance goals for different types of data, and form a joint governance of data laws and regulations. To achieve innovative and efficient governance of data in the industrialization of artificial intelligence, it is necessary to optimize the authorization and utilization of personal data, promote the transaction and circulation of enterprise data, as well as balance the openness and security of public data.

The “AI+” initiative has become one task that the government takes on. “AI+Healthcare”, while it has been experiencing a robust growth, is facing a lot of risks including endogenous and derivative risks in technological security, difficulties in aligning human-machine values, troubles in balancing different ethical demands, dilemmas in medical digital gap, and problems in addressing medical unfairness. Moreover, there have arisen risks such as how to protect the privacy and personal information rights of patients, and how to define infringement liability of AI medical service. To explore the governance paths of “AI+Healthcare” based on patient empowerment, it is necessary to form a systematic mechanism of front-end empowerment, middle-end regulation and back-end responsibility, i.e., at the front-end are empowered the individual rights so as to establish a data rights system and an AI algorithm rights system; at the mid-end is strengthened the operation supervision system of AI medical service, thus witnessing self-supervision, specialized supervision, and risk supervision; at the back-end is improved the infringement recovery system of AI medical service in three aspects: the legal object status, tort liability rules and compensation sharing mechanism.

The “AI+” initiative has put forward requirements for the advancement of algorithms, and also changed the metrics for assessing the algorithmic justice. Algorithmic justice is intrinsically related to rights with the maintenance and expansion of rights serving as the essence of algorithmic justice. First and foremost, the development of algorithms should address the issue of rights conflicts within the realm of algorithms. Moreover, equitable rights hold significant value in evaluating the algorithmic justice. Currently, the disparities of justice in algorithmic applications, including the erosion of equality, infringement of freedom, and threats to security, essentially arise from the imbalance of rights resulting from the deprivation, infringement, or difficulty of obtaining redress for rights. In order to actualize the algorithmic justice, it is imperative to establish a legal normative system for right equity, develop an ethical code of conduct for right equity, and ensure the specific implementation of right equity through technological means. This three-in-one systematic approach will facilitate a more effective realization of algorithm justice, thereby better addressing the demands of the “AI+” initiative .

Since universities serve as the most important organizational carriers for implementing higher education, it is necessary, for better playing the leading role of higher education in serving the strategic goals of high-quality development, based on history, starting from the present and facing the future, to summarize the experience of systematic and qualitative changes in university organizations and discover the operative patterns, thus predicting the development trends. Under the perspective of Complex Adaptive System, the transformation of the nature and functions of universities, disciplinary organizational structure, and talent cultivation models, the three interrelated key subsystems, is thus systematic. Since the Middle Ages, there have been four times of such systematic changes and transformations. In the new era, universities should be constructed with innovative concepts, thus achieving the organic integration of talent cultivation, technological innovation, and social services; the knowledge system of segmentation should be integrated and the organizational structure of discipline based on network constructed; a community of virtual and real education should be built, thus forming a talent training model based on multi-subject collaboration.

Building a powerful nation in higher education serves as an important strategic deployment to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents, and acceleration of higher education modernization. It provides an action guide for new research-oriented universities to serve the building of a powerful nation, promote global sustainable development, and create lasting values. Both are committed to responding to the needs and challenges of the times, mutually promoting the improvement of education quality and scientific research level, and achieving mutual success in the pursuit of excellence and innovation. Strengthening the construction of new research-oriented universities based on the logic of reality, value, goal, and practice has injected new momentum into the leading role of higher education in building a powerful nation. Cultivating newcomers of the era, promoting the construction of “double first-class” universities, serving the “three-in-one” strategy, and leading the modernization of university governance have become important ways for new research-oriented universities to empower the building of a powerful nation in higher education.

To comprehensively promote China’s education modernization, it is necessary to first clarify the logical relationship and structural pattern between digitalization and the modernization of education in China so as to define the specific application scope of digitalization and analyze the current maturity. Based on the logical mainline of history-policy-development, this paper constructs an overall framework with the practice scope of subject, resources, governance, and guarantee, focusing on the impact and role of digitization on the modernization of education; Based on the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism, it constructs a dimensional framework for digital application, with digital environment, digital capabilities, and digital behavior as the main elements; Based on the reference of the Capability Maturity Model and following the historical and developmental mainline, it constructs a maturity model for the digital application. This will provide theoretical guidance and direction for the application level and capability of digitalization in building China’s education modernization, as well as for promoting the in-depth development of education modernization. By searching, screening, coding, and analyzing CSSCI journals and Chinese core journals (CNKI) with key words such as “educational elements” and “digital dimensions”, the study finds that the maturity of digitalization in promoting modernization of various educational entities is uneven: the maturity varies in different fields, and it differs even in the same field. Such finding provides practical guidance to systematically promote the modernization of education in a planned, step-by-step, and phased manner.

Moving faster to foster new quality productive forces is an important driving force for building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development, and it is also the key to achieving Chinese modernization. The digital economy brings new impetus to economic growth, endows new connotations to new quality productive forces, and provides new patterns for accelerating their formation. New quality productive forces are exclusive to the digital economy era. The revolutionary and disruptive innovations of the digital economy can promote total factor productivity, help achieve the leap of workers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimized combinations, thus promoting the building of modern industrial system. To mover faster to develop new quality productive forces in the digital economy era, we need to put more investment in digital economy, optimize modern industrial and supply chains, promote digital industrialization and industrial digitization, develop and cultivate emerging and future industries, carry out “AI +” initiative, and cultivate digital labor force.

Promoting a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development is an inherent requirement for building a “Beautiful China”. With the rapid development of the digital economy, the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy will become a new driving force for green development. This paper, based on data from Chinese listed companies, systematically examines the impact and mechanism of digital transformation on green innovation. The empirical results indicate that digital transformation has significantly improved green innovation in enterprises, mainly indebted to more application of green invention patents. These results are robust to the use of the instrumental variable estimation approach based on the “Broadband China” and a battery of robustness tests. The effect of corporate digital transformation on green innovation, heterogeneity analysis shows, is stronger for state-owned enterprises, the high-polluting industries, and firms in areas with better internet infrastructure. Mechanism testing shows that digital transformation mainly promotes green innovation in enterprises by strengthening government and public supervision, alleviating financial constraints, and optimizing the human capital structure of enterprises. Further research has found that digital transformation significantly improves corporate environmental performance and effectively reduces urban pollution emissions, indicating that digital transformation contributes to green economic and social development. The research findings reveal the significant impact of digital transformation on green innovation in enterprises, providing decision-making basis for promoting green transformation of development methods in the digital age to achieve high-quality development.

As a unified multi-ethnic country, the development of ethnic undertakings in China is an important component of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. In the context of consolidating the sense of community for the Chinese nation, clarifying the relationship between the sense of national identity and that of community for the Chinese nation is of great significance for enhancing national unity and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The relationship between the two, from the perspective of content, can be expressed with “backbone theory” and “hierarchy theory”; From the perspective of the strength of the two senses, there can be four patterns between them: “dual strength”, “weak strength”, “strong weak”, and “dual weakness”. We should focus on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, unswervingly follow the correct path of solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics, strengthen the national identity and Chinese cultural identity of all ethnic groups, strive to enhance national unity, and provide a solid political guarantee for the full promotion of Chinese modernization.

The formation of a unified multi-ethnic country during the Qin and Han Dynasties is a milestone in the evolution of ancient Chinese civilization. During this period, the triad of “culture, main population, and territory” set up a new civilization and established a social pattern of “great unification” through their reciprocal influence. It is observed that with the large-scale expansion of the Qin-Han culture to the remote areas, the main population who initially bore a sense of national and ethnic community continued to grow, and the vast territory of the dynasties was consolidated, with which the Han nationality thus took shape. The building of a unified multi-ethnic country has strengthened the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization, as well as settled the basic patterns of Chinese cultural structure, Chinese ethnic structure, and Chinese territory, thus offering great potential for archaeological interpretations.