Abstract: As a unified multi-ethnic country, the development of ethnic undertakings in China is an important component of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. In the context of consolidating the sense of community for the Chinese nation, clarifying the relationship between the sense of national identity and that of community for the Chinese nation is of great significance for enhancing national unity and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The relationship between the two, from the perspective of content, can be expressed with “backbone theory” and “hierarchy theory”; From the perspective of the strength of the two senses, there can be four patterns between them: “dual strength”, “weak strength”, “strong weak”, and “dual weakness”. We should focus on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, unswervingly follow the correct path of solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics, strengthen the national identity and Chinese cultural identity of all ethnic groups, strive to enhance national unity, and provide a solid political guarantee for the full promotion of Chinese modernization.

Key words: the sense of national identity, the sense of community for the Chinese nation, Chinese modernization, national identity