Global climate governance, as the sustainable development of natural ecology, including terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems, and human society are under the shadow of global climate change, has increasingly become the focus and hard nut in global governance. For a mission of such, there has been made no significant gains resulted from the predicaments such as the absence of the main actors, the lack of authority and the fragmenting of governance mechanisms. China’s path in dealing with such a global issue, with the continuing deterioration of the global climate and the deficit of climate governance, lies in the roles that China is, and has always been playing, under the concept a community with a shared future for mankind, the roles as a force to mitigate and adapt to climate change, a defender of the UNFCCC, a mediator of the North-South climate political conflicts, a supporter of developing countries to deal with climate change, and an initiator of BRI green development, altogether approaches to fulfill China’s responsibilities as a major country globally. China’s roles well tell her shouldering the responsibility and acting in building a community with a shared future for mankind, and jointly constructing a community of life for man and nature.

The attitude and response, in handling CPPCC proposals, of the contractor directly affect the promotion and final trend of proposal handling. However, in reality, administrative organizations bear different responses and interpretations to the same topic. The proposal handling, this study finds based on the case analysis of the CPPCC proposal handling of building the food safety standard system in Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2019, experiences a shift from vagueness to clarity, and the vagueness of the proposal itself not only serves as the main strategy for policy entrepreneurs to gather resources and establish support alliances, but also provides administrative organizations with the autonomy to interpret the proposal. The successful handling lies in the administrative organization’s search of a common favorable space, active integration and interpretation for more benefits, thus promoting the proposal handling. It is worth noting that the completion of the proposal is also the process of building the strategic alliance of all parties and that of clarifying the scheme. Policy entrepreneurs highly rely on the technical and detailed support of administrative organizations, while those professional administrative organizations with weak institutional status and the need to expand are more willing and can point out the specific and feasible direction for the clear implementation of the scheme. The original vague connotation of the proposal can be clarified while adding alternative implementation schemes for the proponents.

Key events, in the food safety supervision system, are usually related to organizational legitimacy; the key to promoting cooperative regulation into the strategic deepening period is to institutionalize the concept of cooperative supervision; the reasons that lie behind past events’ exerting an effect include their bearing own strength, time and space attributes, their meeting the changing needs of food safety supervision policies, and their achieving phased objectives and promoting a certain cooperation effect after they arise. A series of key events in the cooperative regulation of food safety from the cooperative exploration period to the strategic deepening period profoundly reflect the change in the state-society relationship: from the monism model emphasizing the domination of the state to the co-governance model emphasizing the cooperation between the state and society.

“Object editing” is a government regulation methodology and market governance with Chinese characteristics. It aims to transform the original characteristics of the public management objects in terms of form and content through an effective deterministic approach so as to create a more “qualified” regulatory object for government regulation, and further to achieve a higher-level, promising and effective governance on the basis of the logical re-engineering of governance. The compound path of “object editing + element optimization” needs to be upheld for a systematic investigation of China’s food safety regulatory innovation. The food safety regulation innovation with Chinese characteristics based on object editing, in terms of its state of both means and target, fall into four types: “single dimensional-sequence conversion upgrading”, “single dimensional-sequence internal optimization”, “combined-sequence conversion upgrading” and “combined-sequence internal optimization”. As an approach of government regulation innovation, the action mechanism of object editing is “object editing → intermediary variables (guider, detector or effector) → effective regulation”, and its action program needs to find a balance between certainty endowing and vitality maintenance. Object editing is an important part of “Shuang You” (a market of high efficiency and a proactive government) theory of market governance and government regulation science with Chinese characteristics, thus a necessity of further in-depth study on the operation mechanism, transformation mechanism and life cycle law of object editing.

The contradiction resulted from tiao-kuai relation at the primary-level, as it fails to achieve an effective allocation of governance resources and needs, dispels the response of the government. To be more specific, the information asymmetry leads to the lack knowledge of governance needs of the lines; the unequal rights and responsibilities result in the lack of governance resources of the streets; the inadequate coordination renders the lack of response efficiency of the grass-roots level. To cope with the resolution of the grass-roots governments respond and realize the integration, the reform of “Whistle-blowing in Streets and Townships, Reporting of Departments, Joint Responsibility of Leaders” in Chengyang District of Q City, without changing the ownership of governance resources, optimizes the organization setting to make the solidified rules target to the grass-roots problems, promotes the shift of power to realize the integration of power and responsibility, and channels departments to the primary-level to turn the action disharmony into overall coordination, which thus has explored a new way to shift the governance focus. This reform aims to following: 1) shift the governance focus; 2) integrate and optimize the bureaucratic organizations with “rule-power-action” as the internal logic to a certain extend; 3) enhance the response of primary-level governments to social needs by making up for rule supremacy, two-way restriction, single control and collaborative cooperation.

“Planning” serves not only an important governance experience in China’s political practice, but also an important way for the Communist Party of China to govern the country. “Planning state” is an expansion of the concept of “national planning”, a conceptual schema that can more systematically summarize and interpret “the governance of China”, and shape the internal logic of the CPC’s governance in terms of “methodology” and “governance system”. With this scheme, a multi-level and multi-agent governance system, the Party, people’s congresses, governments at all levels and the general public have been closely compiled, and through this scheme, the Party’s ideas, the state’s will and people’s actions have been transformed and demonstrated. Its supporting mechanism, incentive mechanism and correction mechanism lie in the project system, the official accountability system, the policy experiment which altogether promote the effective operation of the scheme and the realization of the Party’s strategic objectives. “Planning state” has promoted the structural changes of the central and local authorities, the benign interaction between the state and the market, thus enhancing the governance capacity of the Communist Party of China.

“a sense of responsibilities and duties”, in the new era, though having been raised as an important indicator of official selection and evaluation by China’s central government, bears no clear definition in academic circles, while its antonym has been listed the focus of academic discussion. This study, based on literature review and text quantification, combs the relevant documents issued by 16 provinces such as Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu and Sichuan, and constructs a connotation model for the specific connotation of the sense of this kind from four aspects namely individual, organization, behavior and result. The connotation, the study tells, covers political consciousness (willingness), professionalism (capability), courage to undertake tasks (initiative), and good performance (pursuit of excellency). As a local concept, it reflects the value synthesis and strict standards, surpasses the “technocratic” behavior requirements of Weber’s bureaucratic model, and covers the new bureaucratic concept reflecting the “direct response” ethics in recent years. This connotation model thus provides an important research basis for enhancing China’s official selection system.

This study, based on the panel data (2005—2015) of 41 countries along the “Belt and Road”, employs a fixed-effects regression model to examine the impact of manufacturing industry agglomeration on the upgrading of the global value chain of the same field. The industrial agglomeration and the upgrading of global value chain of manufacturing industry bear an “inverted U” relationship on the whole; the impact of manufacturing industry chain agglomeration on the global value chain upgrading is obvious heterogeneity from the perspective of participation and backward participation; the promotion of the industrial agglomeration and the upgrading of global value chain beyond the 41 countries has also provided a reference for the upgrading the global value chain for countries within, the empirical analysis finds. Countries involved should 1) maintain the level of industrial chain in a moderate range so as to avoid the negative impact of excessive industrial chain agglomeration; 2) constantly learn and absorb advanced technologies and put more efforts and investment into research and development so as to reach the mature stage of industrial chain agglomeration as soon as possible and improve the backward participation of global value chain, thus the upgrading of the value chain; 3) learn from the experience of these countries beyond the scope so as to promote the transformation from low-end manufacturing to high-end manufacturing, strengthen the construction of high-end manufacturing industry clusters, and promote healthy competitions among industrial clusters, rationally control the scale, help the healthy development of manufacturing enterprises, thus promoting the continuous rise of the global value chain of manufacturing industries; take advantage of the characteristics of regional proximity to form complementary advantages and improve the overall degree of agglomeration in view of the characteristics of different regions and local conditions.

The protection of cultural relics, and their development and utilization bear such a relations as the former the basic premise of the latter, while the latter an effective approach to the former. There have still encountered some problems in protecting the cultural relics in the Yellow River Basin, heritage with long history, wide distribution, large number and great variety, and prominent status, such as unclear boundary, uncertain objects, backward regional comprehensive development, underdeveloped methods, weak joint force, and uncoordinated management system and mechanism. In view of this, a new approach, an integration of culture and tourism is proposed and it brings new impetus, new mechanism, new carrier and new challenges to the protection and utilization of cultural relics in the region which in turn brings forth new models, new scenes, new ecology and new opportunities to the integration. The basic innovation steps in the protection and utilization of cultural relics can be summarized as follows: innovating the construction of system design so as to strengthen policy support; building a collaborative system and mechanism so as to improve the ability of overall planning; improving the efficiency of cultural relics management so as to build a modern management system; implementing the integration of cultural relics with science and technology so as to promote cross-border cooperation in cultural relics; highlighting the function of cultural relics education so as to create a cultural education model; laying stress on the promotion and exchange of cultural relics so as to build a modern communication system.

Manufacturing industry has been the foundation of a country’s economic development and prosperity. Since the reform and opening up, with China’s manufacturing industry’s having experienced robust growth, the investment effect has not been satisfactory. The fixed asset investment of enterprises is influenced directly by tax, an important factor affecting the cost of capital use and investment income. This study, employing the established fixed assets investment tax model, calculates the capital use cost and the actual income tax rate of manufacturing industry (2002-2016) in China. The enterprise income tax reform in 2008, the findings tell, though significantly reducing the capital use cost and income tax burden of the manufacturing industry, the overall burden stays still high. For this reason, the fixed effect model of panel threshold is established to further verify these conclusions, telling an inverted U shape relationship between manufacturing capital use cost and investment, with the critical point being 8.108%. Below this point, the investment will increase by 0.198 7% for every 1% increase in capital cost. Beyond this point, the investment will decrease by 0.078 9% for every 1% increase in capital cost. At the same time, the effective tax rate of income tax borne by manufacturing capital has a linear relationship with investment; for every 1% increase in the effective tax rate, the investment will decrease by 0.158 4%. Since the current capital use cost of manufacturing industry (except for some provinces such as Gansu) exceeds the critical point, in the future, we should further improve the enterprise income tax and continue to reduce the income tax burden and capital use cost borne by manufacturing industry capital so as to encourage enterprise investment and provide strong policy support for the realization of “manufacturing power”.

Field experiments were pioneered in studying primary-level governance in field politics, before experimental politics was introduced into Chinese politics, and clearly put forward was the academic proposition of “experiment taking precedence over scheme”. Four experiments around the institutional changes of primary-level governance after China’s reform and opening up, “Shuiyuean Experiment” targeted to farmers’ participation, “Yuedong Experiment” aimed at farmers’ organizations, “Nannong Experiment” targeted to farmers’ capability, and “Yangji Experiment” aimed at township elections were successively carried out. There were great differences between the institutional text of village governance and the operation of the system in rural society, as well as the constraints of the institutional environment on the operation of the system, field political scholars realized according to the four successive experiments and theoretical reflections. The study then put the follow-up research for an in-depth of rural social history and the foundation of rural society. In conclusion, through experimental trial and error, the academic consciousness of field politics was deepened and the self-confidence of social science research methods established.