Abstract: The British Library collects a large number of Chinese precious historical literature and most of them are basically not published or utilized. Some data are huge, which is suitable for data processing and analyzing by using computer or other modern tools. In view of processing and the application of the rare historical materials in the era of big data, the author attempts to interpret the sent mail thin of the British Library using the method of data statistics and computer graphics, and then to classify the interpretations logically and make a quantitative analysis of the information contained in it. The thesis aims at discussing the frequency and time cycle of the letter exchanges between the central and local districts of the Qing Empire before and after the Boxer Rebellion, thus seeing the degree of the urgency in the exchange of information when the Qing Empire faced the internal and external crises; The communication system of the Qing Empire can also be seen from the geographical distribution of space by the profile.

Key words: rare information send mail thin, data processing, communication