The British Library collects a large number of Chinese precious historical literature and most of them are basically not published or utilized. Some data are huge, which is suitable for data processing and analyzing by using computer or other modern tools. In view of processing and the application of the rare historical materials in the era of big data, the author attempts to interpret the sent mail thin of the British Library using the method of data statistics and computer graphics, and then to classify the interpretations logically and make a quantitative analysis of the information contained in it. The thesis aims at discussing the frequency and time cycle of the letter exchanges between the central and local districts of the Qing Empire before and after the Boxer Rebellion, thus seeing the degree of the urgency in the exchange of information when the Qing Empire faced the internal and external crises; The communication system of the Qing Empire can also be seen from the geographical distribution of space by the profile.

In the late period of the First Opium War, the Qing army set Jiaxing and Zhapu as key defence areas after Dinghai,Zhenhai and Ningbo falling into the enemy’s hands. The battle of Zhapu was the last in Zhenjiang waged by British troops during the war. It is in this battle that over 7000 soldiers of the Qing army were defeated by 2000 British soldiers, and the key coastal region—Zhapu was occupied. Afterwards, The British conquered Zhenjiang and Nanjing where they forced Qing Government to sign The Treaty of Nanjing. Two historical documents discovered recently are the defence official documents of Jiaxing Camp before the battle of Zhapu. The first document is a official document written to change horsemen and war-horses. At that time, Zhapu is the defence area of the right green standard army. Green standard army has also taken part in the battle of Zhapu. The second file is a supplementary material for the former, since the troops need to be reallocated due to soldiers’ promotions, leaves, diseases and deaths. After studying these documents, we create a new sense of how the Qing Government fought an invasion from the British troops in the late period of the Opium War. It is also important supplements to the study of the Sino-British relations during the Opium War.

Series of Rare Printed Books of Draft Copies Recorded in Ming and Qing Dynasties Preserved by Liang Jiyong includes Ye Yingquan’s Liuru Miscellaneous Notes for Devotion to My Study, the ninth and tenth volumes of which respectively include three kinds of historical information on the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, such as Sidelights of Jinling, Records of Hunan Provincial Capital Sieged by Thieves for 82 Days and Brief Talk on Jinling in the Ten Heavenly Stems of Gui and Jia, which records the process that the Taiping army attacked Changsha and captured Nanjing as well as the related historical events after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Tianjing (now Nanjing) as its capital. The first two kinds of information has not been quoted by scholars, but they are useful to supplement and confirm history; the latter one has stereotyped books in the version of the 32nd year during the reign of Guangxu (A.D. 1906), which is included in the third volume in Quintessence of Books. Some scholars believe that it was the abridged version of Brief Chronicles of Jinling in the Ten Heavenly Stems of Gui and Jia. Making cross-reference of the draft copies of Brief Talk on Jinling in the Ten Heavenly Stems of Gui and Jia and other information can help to revise some errors in Brief Chronicles of Jinling in the Ten Heavenly Stems of Gui and Jia in the authorized version of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Having experienced capitalist crisis both in economy and politics in the 21st century, the “meta-narration” of capitalism once self-proclaimed as universal value has gradually been self-denying. Since 20th century, the “meta-narration” in the ideological field has not only triggered a historical crisis called “the end of history”, but also brought about a political crisis through representative democracy that flaunts “freedom of opinion”, and eventually led to the crisis of philosophy. Historical materialism is a theory of crisis in modern society. On the one hand it introduces the critique upon the capitalist ideologies from the view of historical science; on the other hand, it also facilitates the occurrences of revolutionary events as a theory of practice. Marx’s insight into the law of historical development and his exploration of the "Eradicating Philosophy" remains an important theoretical basis for overcoming the crisis of reality.

Xi Jinping’s view on ecological politics is not only the inheritance and innovation of Marxist’s ecological politics, but also the scientific summary of practical experiences of ecological politics in contemporary China, historically formed into five-dimensional logical structures, namely concept of ecological principles, ecological dynamic views, ecological values, ecological democracy and ecological strategic views. Building political consensus, strengthening institutional improvement, building ecological ways, and launching international cooperation identify in a three-dimensional style the practice path of ecological politics by Xi Jinping. This constitutes the ecological culture that leads the benign development of contemporary Chinese political practice.

The adjustment of basic pension for urban and rural residents is related to the vital interests of the senior citizens. Based on the analysis of influencing factors of adjustment, seven schemes about the adjustment rage have been designed. After testing fiscal capacity, we found that the proportion of financial burden of scheme 1 to 5 is between 0.41%-1.33%﹑0.5%-1.35%﹑0.3%-1.36%﹑0.7-1.38%﹑0.83%-1.4% respectively and schemes 6 and 7, which show the trend of increasing first and then decreasing, are between 1.14%-1.57%﹑1.47%-1.89% separately. The indicator of “the basic pension in the proportion of residents’ balance of income and assumption” has been adopted to estimate the appropriateness of central government subsidy and found that scheme 5, which is “price increase rate + economic growth rate × 50% + wage growth rate × 50%”, would be more appropriate. The next step could be: optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure, expand social security expenditure; adhere to the guiding role of central government and encourage local governments and residents to invest in pension insurance.

After the founding of New China, state governance has gone through the era of reform and opening up in 1978 and the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, which regarded as the two nodes, containing three stages and demonstrating four kinds of state governance model: the totalitarian state governance, the developmental governance, harmonious governance, and modern state governance. From the perspective of transitional "governance rights" as well as "governance subjects and objects", the state governance of New China over 60 years has experienced an evolution from "rule", "management" to "governance". The path of the logical evolution reflects the historical practice in the construction of socialist country, which enriches and develops the state theory of Marxism.

Under the conduct of certain Taiwan political forces, “Taiwan Subject Consciousness” which stems from Taiwan island people’s spirit of resisting aggression and love of hometown has been turned into a social capital that helps the political forces insisting separation to seize power and propel “Taiwan Gradual Independence”. The constitutive subject has accomplished the alternation of generations. The youth has transformed into the constitutive subject of “Taiwan Subject Consciousness” from the constitutive object of it. The paper puts forward that since cooperation and exchanges between universities of both sides are the vital components of cross-strait relations, we should give play to the advantages of extensive connection with young people and convenience of organizing youth exchanges on both sides of the straits; through the exchanges and cooperation of higher education on both sides, we should constrain certain Taiwan political forces to use universities and students to construct their “Taiwan Subject Consciousness”.

The political identification of college students is a high degree of unification of theoretical, practical and value rationality. Their mental mechanism is a trinity of cognitive assimilation, emotional motivation and volitional autonomy, with the goal to achieve the political psychology turn of college students from perceptual to rational, from passive to active, from spontaneous to conscious. There are three approaches in to carry out their practice mechanism, i.e., to focus on efficiency stimulation, and to be driven by targets; to concentrate on institutional advantages, and to be promoted with the use of authority; to keep the eyes on peer education, and to be motivated by models. Students’ faith mechanism should be based on the dual construction of theory and practice, truth and value, necessity and freedom and also other aspects, to highlight the regularity, purposefulness and historicity of college students’ political identification.

Rigorous discipline theory system is required for the discipline construction of young children’s organization and ideology development, children’s subjectivity being the logical point of that system. As the starting point, children’s subjectivity satisfies the following inherent stipulations: it provides the quantity and quality stipulation for the construction of discipline theory system which is the most basic and the simplest initial category. It constitutes the most essential stipulation of discipline’s research object, and at the same time breeds the ‘germ’ of discipline theory’s development. It is the beginning of both the development of children’s organization practice and children’s organization research, realizing the unity of history and logic. It is not only the starting point of discipline practice, but also the goal that it pursues, embodying the dialectical unity of starting point and end point.

The essence of Children’s Organization Education can be explained as an activity in which relative workers encourage children to participate in socialized politics through organized learning community. It is the logical starting point in constructing Children’s Organization Education principles. The existence of the three relationships between man and thing, man and man, man and himself constitutes the organizational learning community of children, and the movement of these three relationships constitutes the educational activities of Children’s Organizations. Children’s Organization Education principle is the basic insurance for the learning community of Children’s Organization to operate normally. Based on the nature and law of Children’s Organizational Education, the following principles have been preliminarily established: the principle of integrating political resources, children’s ability and mastery of educational resources; the principle of combining children’s subjectivity with adult guidance; the principle of combination; the principle of combining collective education and self-education.

Post-1990s undergraduates roam the "Two Dimensional" world in ACGN. Their consuming life is highly dependent on the Internet, and they focus on recreational and emotional expression and follow the idol and group decision making, which are characterized with individuation, advancement, rebellion and the like. Differentiating from the previous sub-culture rebellion, the "Two Dimensional" consumption subculture has its distinct postmodern features: the mutual promotion with social and technological development; the shift from class antagonism to the rebellion in technology and thinking; the identification mainly refers to individualization and is consistent with collective will; and subculture has a technical counter-attack on the mainstream culture.

In this paper the authors propose several methods to identify the ancient Chinese loan words in Korean through the relevant historical sound changes, and make several loan words such as "丝(silk)", "麦(wheat)", "力(force, plough)" and "臿(spade)" for examples in order to discover the cultural communication between China and Korea in the ancient times. Meanwhile, the authors take the cognate "land" for an example to demonstrate the relationship between ancient Chinese language and Korean language through the historical comparison.

Words about animals and their cognitive attributes in Vietnamese and Chinese languages have the properties of complex networks. Through the construction of bipartite networks, and application of collaborative information filtering method, the authors calculate the similarity coefficients, which proved that it has high similarity in cognitive attributes of words about animals in Vietnamese and Chinese. The reason is the commonness from the attributes of the animals on the one hand, and the deep relationship between Chinese and Vietnamese on the other hand.

Based on the materials from the ancient books and old maxim, this paper mainly uses the phonological method to construct the Chinese word family of Po with cognates containing the meaning of ‘rapid’ unrecognized in Dictionary of Homology Words by Wang Li. On this very note the root’s nucleus of the family is the initial consonant cluster **mb- in proto-Chinese. Meanwhile the paper studies on the history of Sino-Tibetan comparison by historical comparative method and supports the reconstructions of the **mb-type consonant clusters in proto- and archaic Chinese, making use of the reaction formations of the mb-type consonant clusters in cognates in modern Chinese dialect and related languages.