Abstract: Since 1986, the successive archaeological discoveries of the eight sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui have not only amazed the world repeatedly, but also prompted new reflection on major questions concerning Sanxingdui, Chinese civilization, and world civilization. While research the artifacts unearthed from Sanxingdui is certainly of great importance, it is equally necessary to pursue a deeper exploration of the historical and cultural context behind these artifacts, and to analyze and compare, from a broader theoretical perspective, the cultural landscape, religious beliefs, and regional civilizational characteristics revealed by Sanxingdui, as well as its exchanges and mutual learning with ancient civilizations around the world. This task cannot be borne by archaeological circle alone but calls for comprehensive, multidisciplinary, multilevel, multifaceted, and multi-perspective joint-efforts so that we can truly understand the unique value of the Sanxingdui civilization and the tremendous contribution it made to human civilization as a whole. At present, it is crucial to adopt the right perspective and to examine the various archaeological remains and traces already unearthed, thereby setting out on the scientific path that will lift its veil. This paper puts forward three important dimensions: first, it is a splendid creation of the ancient Shu civilization; second, it maintained close ties with the Central Plains civilization and constitutes a concrete embodiment of the pluralistic and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization; third, it can be compared with ancient civilizations worldwide, enabling a dialogue between Chinese and other civilizations. It follows that applying the theories and methods of comparative archaeology to the study of the Sanxingdui civilization represents a viable path forward.

Key words: Sanxingdui archaeology, origins of Chinese civilization, regional civilization, comparative archaeology