In the view of Early German Romanticists, Fichte did not satisfy with dualism and non-radicality of Kant’s transcendental philosophy, and made efforts to deduce and derive a closed and complete system of knowledge from an unconditional first principle. However, his philosophy has many difficulties in form and content. Therefore, it should replace Idealism with Realism, deduction with the alternating proof, the subjective abstraction and speculation with the historical description and exploration. Reality is always cognitively opaque and inaccessible to consciousness to some degree, but this is not the reason for laziness in thought for the truth seeker. On the contrary, he should keep an open mind, and seek it forever. Thereby, he can increase his knowledge and will be cultivated.

Increasing research findings show that incompleteness is regarded as the distinguished characteristic of the creation history of Marx’s Das Kapital. Within 40 years of Marx’s creation, his writings had never been limited by unchangeable systems or established structures. Marx had not stopped his analysis of capitalistic economy, and therefore the Das Kapital was not truly complete. The incompleteness of Das Kapital does not undermine its scientificity. Rather, it embodies the scientific methodology in the process of understanding things. Besides, it is an important dimension of Marx’s scientific outlook revolution.

Das Kapital is not only a political economic masterpiece but also writing on livelihood politics. It critically analyzes the laborer’s survival predicament and its political roots in the society under fetishist ideology with the absence of security system, the abstract exchange law of free marketing and equal exchange, and the abstract liberal democratic system. At the same time, it points out effective ways in establishing humanity-fundamental values of the political livelihoods and perfecting the people’s livelihood system to improve the interest and ensure the dominant role of labors.

The five development concepts, put forward in the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China, including creativity, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing, are of great significance to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respect and reach the targeted goal. This paper argues that, to fulfill the five development concepts, nomocracy, which is the supporting strength of social development and the reliable guarantee of development, must go beforehand. The practice of the social development at home and abroad proves that nomocracy can not only ensure the standardization of social development, but also maintain the energy of social development. Social development must be based on a complete and sound legal system to guarantee a sustainable and healthy development following the law of market economy.

The forbiddance of fluidity contract has been a long-standing problem. It should be regarded that the forbiddance of fluidity contract pledged on shareholding belongs to the jural forbiddance of managerial validity. Within the framework of the 52nd item of the Contract Law, as long as the item is not violated, interpreting skills of law should be used to validate the fluidity contract pledged on shareholding that is involved in litigation. Therefore, fluidity item should be distinguished from the validity of the principal contract, the former of which can not be negated by the latter. Particularly, under the circumstance of some fluidity rights like shareholding, flexible interpreting should be made on laws and stipulations about forbidding fluidity including the Property Law, the Contract Law and the Guarantee Law, which can lead to a conclusion of the validity of the fluidity contract pledged on shareholding and differences made from the traditional forbiddance of fluidity.

Administrative discretion standard is an enforcement system which comes into being because of the necessity and abuse of administrative discretion power. It plays an active role in administrative enforcement; nevertheless, it has certain flaws. Improvement can be made under the guidance of the basic principles of administrative law.

Jinteng in the Book of Documents recorded that King Wu of Zhou suffered from illness, which Duke of Zhou believed was caused by haunting of ghosts, their forefathers: King Tai, Ji and Wen of Zhou. To cure him, Duke of Zhou used treatment of incantation and psychology. In his prayer, Duke of Zhou discourteously addressed his forefathers as “thou”, and threatened them with sacrificial jade. Ghosts haunting is terrifying even to relatives. Duke of Zhou’s prayers are more a phasmophobia than an unfilial behavior, which manifests human’s fear of death.

Du Duan, written by Cai Yong, a famous scholar of the late Han dynasty, recorded prefaces of Zhou Song in The Book of Songs. These prefaces show substantial resemblance to The Mao Preface to The Book of Songs, though others view it as the Lu school of thoughts. All scholars nevertheless regard these prefaces as Cai Yong’s records. However, these prefaces are not in agreement with Cai Yong’s usual stand on The Book of Songs, and contained snippets of Mao Shi Jian that Cai Yong has never seen. Also, there are obvious traces of disorder in Du Duan. Based on these reasons, it is argued that the prefaces of Zhou Song in Du Duan are not written by Cai Yong but included by scholars of later generations.

Liu Fen, who was famous and admired for his masterpiece Dui xianliang fangzheng zhiyan jijian ce (《对贤良方正直言极谏策》), occupied on important place in the literary circle during the Tang dynasty. However, he was once relegated to Liuzhou as a petty official titled sihu canjun (司户参军). When it comes to the exact time of his relegation, opinions differ in academic circles: some believe that it was between the Kaicheng (开成) and Huichang (会昌) years; some argue that it was after March of the first year of Huichang, and some other hold that it was in the spring of the second year of Dazhong (大中) or during the ninth year of Dazhong. As for the reason for his relegation, eunuchs’ plotting is to blamed according to the Liu Fen’s Autobiography in Xintangshu(《新唐书》), thus making people today believe that it is related to Yang Sifu and Pei Yizhi’s disagreement on Wuzong’s ascending to throne. However, according to the relevant historical facts and explorations, these views actually can’t maintain their validity. Liu Fen was respected and admired by Niu Sengru, and the time of Liu Fen’s relegation should be the time after Niu Sengru’s relegation in October of the fourth year of Huichang (会昌). Besides, the unwarranted accusations against him are probably related to Niu Sengru’s false accusation imposed by the same eunuchs. The eunuchs accused Liu Fen of associating with a rebel town, sympathizing with Liu Zhen, the rebel leader once punished by court.

The quatrains on essay are a gap in Chinese literary criticism study, but it doesn’t mean it never exists in history. From the mid Qing dynasty, the quatrains on essay started to be created with the consciousness on the style of criticism. After a preliminary investigation in literature, we can find 15 books of the quatrains including 781 poems, and The Quatrains on Essay with One hundred and Seventy-five Poems written by Xu Xiangtan is larger and earlier and more valuable among them. Xu freely discussed the prose history in the past 2000 years by 175 poems and put forward a series of novel and valuable ideas which still have much enlightenment on the research today. The critic also studied the function of annotation of poetry. In the quatrains which have special critical style, he did his best to balance the relationship of the criticism and poetry. The innovative significance and the value of prose theory of The Quatrains on Essay reflect Xu’s status in the history of literary criticism.

Peng Ruishu, a literary celebrity of the middle of Sichuan Province in the Qing Dynasty, spent all his life writing on Du Fu to honor the personality, characteristic, and ideas of the great poet, sympathizing with him in his misfortune. He learnt the poetic writing methods from Du Fu, and inherited and developed Du’s spirit of “poetic history” in his works. This spirit pays attention to the reality, and reflects the sufferings of people. Peng’s poems are vigorous and heroic, and obtain the quintessence of Du’s. In a word, the deep exploration of Peng’s poems not only helps us know Du Fu’s influence on the later generations, but also benefits the further research of poetic thought of Peng.

Homologous relation is a kind of paradigmatic relation among words, which regards association by contiguity, association by similarity, association by contrast, association by causality and other cognitive psychology as collective bases. It is mainly expressed by homologous words. The internal members of homologous word group manifest the “family resemblance” of conceptual category on the semantic meaning. In the aspect of form, they show the morphological correlation, conspicuous phenomena of word family, phonetic harmony, multi-syllable heteronym words or close-sound words and other features. In the aspect of pragmatics, they have variation of systematicness and field dependence. In the aspect of function and subjective meaning, there are differences and series of features among the internal members. The study of the homologous relation can confirm the semantic field theory, enrich the theories and the methods of lexical research, enrich the basis of compilation of high-level thesaurus, promote the exploitation and utilization of the artificial intelligence, improve the efficiency of words teaching and promote cross-cultural communication.

It has been nearly ten years since Computer-assisted Putonghua Proficiency Test (hereinafter referred to computer-assisted test) was put into effect. Explicit requirements has never been made for deviation reviews from the national level. Therefore, it is the time to propose the national standards. The paper analyzes several possible implementation plans for deviation reviews basing on the three sets of experimental data, and concludes that Experiment Three which first sets the score of 3.1 to 40 points, and then set a critical line of 1.5 points or less, the second critical line of 1.5 points or less and the initial assessment difference of 2 points or more is the better proposal for deviation reviews in computer-assisted test which is worth promoting. The paper also emphasizes the need for strengthening on the supervision and training assessment of test stations and testers.

The fast development of the Internet and information technology represented by big data and cloud computing is having an impact on the development and reform of research paradigm of social science, which leads the emergence of some new subdisciplines such as computational social science, computational social psychology, psychological informatics, etc. From the view of psychology, the era of “big data” and “cloud computing” not only provides possibilities for the reform of psychological research, but also promotes the rise and development of the fourth research paradigm, and the emergence and development of some new psychology disciplines. Its reform direction is: to weaken simple and strong causal hypotheses of psychology research; attach importance to the complex reference among multivariates; strengthen the equivalent statements on psychology concepts and their relations; and pay attention to the learning and application of emerging disciplines thoughts and methods. Consequently, psychological research should value the study of complex reference among multivariates, which needs to have the aid of technology and instruments of “big data” and “cloud computing” related, as well as the computional thoughts and methods of the emerging disciplines such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, etc; making efforts to integrate and set up the research paradigm of psychology and promoting its reform and development.

At present, the problems of monotonous teaching methods and ineffective teaching and so on, exist in the College Chinese teaching. As a new teaching approach for College Chinese teachers, WeChat aided instruction can solve the problem of shortage of college teachers to some extent, thus promote the development of College Chinese course. On the basis of studying the influencing factors and degree of WeChat use behavior among College Chinese teachers, this paper puts forward some relevant suggestions on how to utilize and limit influencing factors so as to provide practice basis for college Chinese teachers who use Wechat to develop Chinese courses.

The learning process of college students in university can be better reflected by the state conditions of learning engagement, the use of learning strategies, the professional commitment and the training of college students. With correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and covariance structure model on the analysis of a questionnaire survey of 283 college students in a comprehensive university, the author explores the relationship between learning engagement, professional commitment and learning strategies to make related assumptions. The result of analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis shows that emotional commitment in professional commitments, learning strategies and resource management strategies have significantly predictive power on college students’ learning engagement. The covariance structure model has proved the hypothesis, which states emotional commitment has significantly predictive power on learning through resource management strategies. As a result, on one hand, universities and colleges should strengthen the cultural atmosphere in campus to increase students’ learning enthusiasm, and to improve the involvement of learning strategies while students’ are learning; on the other hand, students should choose their majors carefully being enrolled, all of which will promote their future study at university and career planning.

The credit system centering on students’ independent course selection gives students the freedom to study; meanwhile, it also brings the problem of how to select courses to ensure teaching quality. Through the sampling analysis of grades 2010 and 2011 students’ selective courses, the distribution situation of students selecting is studied from the perspective of quantitative calculation. From the result of quantitative research, students lack definite scientific methods of guidance on how to select specific courses. As a whole, there is a gap between students’ courses selecting and the requirements of training program. To improve students selecting quality, there are two aspects needed to pay attention to, that is, optimizing training program and guiding methods of course selection.

Effective cognitive strategies, greatly contributing to English learners’ achievements, should be taught and internalized by the learners under the flipped classroom teaching model. The result shows that 1) cognitive strategies promote the two groups’ English learning achievements, which statistically indicate significance level based on the pre- and post-tests; 2) the data on cognitive strategies from two groups feature distinct development in terms of five dimensions of cognitive strategies, whereas they show no significance level.

The “Internet +” has influenced resources allocation and behavior pattern of education and produced educational method revolution under the background of information age. It brings opportunities and challenges for college English education in ethnic areas where their educational level is chronically backward. How to grasp the opportunity, take local advantage and handle foreign challenge has become a great part of national education revitalization. National policy support and strategic layout offer ethic colleges great chance. As English education urges to be transformed and the “Internet +” brings great impact on traditional educational organism, we need to take some measures, including drawing lessons from the successful experience of the “Internet + education”, cultivating and adjusting the structure of education resources, innovating the form and content of college English education and formulating a sound educational development program, to promote the fusion between “Internet +” and college English education and to innovate their development.