During the early Qing period, the Qing Dynasty centralized its power to deal with the South Ming regime and the Zheng power group. The pirates in Beibu Gulf took the chance, accepted the ruling of the South Ming regime and the Zheng power group, and developed to a sea power reigning on the Beibu Gulf zone, with the Longmen Island in the Qinzhou Bay as its base. Along with the South Ming regime retreating from Guangxi and the Revolt of the Three Feudatories being put down, the Qing Dynasty got the control and strengthened the administration of the Beibu Gulf zone, including setting up the coastal navy, establishing the system of sea inspection, adjusting military deployment of offshore islands, and perfecting the coastal defense facilities. All of these safeguarded the peace of Beibu Gulf zone for nearly 100 years in the early Qing Dynasty.

In recent years, controversies and conflicts about the sovereignty protection of theSouth China Sea have been accelerated between China and Vietnam, and Vietnam has been putting the so-called “Hoang sa and Truong sa Islands” (named by China as Xisha and Nansha Islands) sovereignty problem to the international community through various international seminars, attempting to make volumes of documents as evidence to Vietnam’s sovereignty claim upon the South China Sea, such as historical documents, archives, maps from Vietnam, China, and the western countries. However, sufficient historical evidence proves that the islands of the South China Sea were first found, named, exploited and managed by Chinese people, that jurisdiction of the South China Sea were continuously and peacefully exercised by Chinese people, and that China has sovereignty and jurisdiction of the islands and adjacent water of the South China Sea. This paper elaborates Vietnam’s claim of “Hoang sa and Truong sa Islands” sovereignty and its historical evidences based on documents from Vietnamese source, and then evaluates and analyzes them on the basis of the findings by China’s researchers.

Marx believes that labor,as the essence of human being and a free and conscious activity, is alienated to be an unbearable slavery under the capitalist system.The “abstract labor subjectivity principle” of the capitalist productionhas led to the socialization of use value, put exchange value at the central position, transformed the fetishism from use value to exchange value, and made money fetishism deepen people’s madness about material. The emergence of the capitalist production has turned the society from excessive consumption to excessive production. Bourgeois economists regard non-productive class as the necessary part of capitalist production, and the extravagant life of non-productive class asnecessary means to eliminate excessive production, with contrast to the working class being deprived to make ends meet.Marx holds that the absurdity of capitalist production comes from the domination of capital over labor, that is, the domination of dead labor over living labor.

After the World War II, the welfare state mode had been formed in major capitalist countries and made great achievements, but the highly regarded capitalist welfare state mode didn’t withstand the impact of economic crisis. With the 1973 oil crisis and the worldwide economic crisis, the welfare state suffered enormous pain and came to deep crises followed with all kinds of questions. Therefore, how to reconstruct the welfare state rather than simply and totally deny it in current situation became the main starting point of the welfare state theory of new Marxism. In the view of new Marxists, the fundamental way out for reconstruction of welfare state lies in transforming “welfare capitalism” to “welfare socialism”,and making full use of non-state strategic ways such as new social movements.

The Civil War in France is an important document of scientific socialism, rich in political ethics. It gives profound enlightenment to the promotion of social governance innovation under the background of social transformation. In the process of social governance, we should adhere to the people-oriented and human harmony in the aspect of value orientation, the justice and democracy of social system, and the personality orientation of assuming responsibility. In practicing the above ethical orientations, we should uphold public reason and actively practice socialist core values.

The governance of religious affairs is an important part of the system of national governance. Legalization of religious affairs governance is the practice and future trend of current religious governance. However, the legalization is the unity of institutional system of institutionalization and the ability of using legal thinking and methods to solve problems rather than legislation.The legalization of religious affairs governance must be based on scientific religious governance and through legal guidance, guarantee of government legal administration, and the cooperative governance of government and religious organizations, the legalized management can be realized.

Social governance mechanism is the relation and interaction between the multi-subjects of social governance, as well as their coordinating operation process. Therefore, the social governance mechanism mainly includes two aspects: firstly, the subjects of social governance andtheir interrelationship and interaction, namely, the multi-subjects coordination mechanism, and secondly, the coordinating operation process of multi-subjects ranging from the scientific decision-making mechanism and dynamic regulation mechanism of social governance, to collaborative governance mechanism of social crisis, etc. Social governance mechanism is a set of norms, procedures or models to which social governance conforms. It also helps to guarantee the effective implementation of social governance. Hence, to realize the scientization of social governance and enhance social governance level, establishing and improving social governance mechanism is necessary.

The relationship between politics and commerce is a complex and sensitive subject, whose nature is to clarify the role that government and enterprise play in resource allocation. The officials, in exercising public authority on behalf of government, are supposed to take as one of their responsibility to serve enterprises. However, not only officials have the tendency of rent-seeking, but entrepreneurs tend to seek maximum interests through participating in and influencing government decision-making, which can result in the alienation of the relationship between politics and commerce. The causes of the alienation of government- commerce relation vary, yet they come down to over-centralized public power, immature market economy system, business people’s profit-seeking natureand imperfection of public administration supervision system. The establishment of a healthy government-commerce relation should be based on the rule of law, led by service, taking interaction as impetus and regard equivalence as principle.

The research on the relationship among urban-rural income gap, economic urbanization and population mobilityis of great significance to the development of new-type urbanization in China.Afterthe co-integration test and the empirical analysis of VEC model, results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship among urban-rural income gap, economic urbanization and population mobilityin China; besides, there is a one-way Granger causality between urban-rural income gap and economic urbanization, and the relationship between population mobility and economic urbanization is a two-way Granger causality.In addition, the urban-rural income gap has an uncertain influence on the economic urbanization in the short run, but in the long run, the urban-rural income gap is positively related to the economic urbanization; However, the population mobility has a positive impact on economic urbanization no matter in the short-term or long-term analysis. Therefore, even if the urban-rural income gap could not produce a determinate impact on the economic urbanization in the shortterm, we can still push forward the sustainable development of economic urbanization by promoting the population mobility.

Under the circumstance of China's new normal, promoting economic restructuring and upgrading is a matter of great urgency.Taking it all round, China’sfinancial development and marketization level exert a positive effect on upgrading industrial structure, and, geographically, the results of the eastern and western regions are basically consistent with the national region. The regression coefficient of the western part is small, and the financial development of the central region exert a negative effect on upgrading industrial structure, which proves that the level of marketization has a positive influence on the upgrading of industrial structure but the level of significance is relatively low. Through empirical analysis,this paper mainly verifies the theoretical analysis and the research hypothesis, and the different regression results of the eastern and western regions indicates the characteristic of spatial disproportionality on China's development. Therefore, in the formulation of regional development policy, the relevant departments are supposed not only to maintain global awareness but also to pay attention to regional disparities, guaranteeing the scientificity and comprehensiveness of the policies.

The voice of poetry is a difficult problem of poetry study. Researchers concentrated on lyrical voice, but rarely on narrative voice. The narrative voice of poetry, based on the "segments of poetry", can be divided into two segments, "visual segment" and "auditory segment". The former is in the verbal and signal level, and the latter is in the rhythmic and spiritual level. The auditory segment in modern Chinese poetry includes some special segments (such as the poetic drama, the trilogy, the modern Chinese metrical verse and the sonnet)and numerous free segments in change, which enrich the theories and practices of narrative voice of modern Chinese poetry. In a word, the author hopes that this research will promote the development of modern poetics.

In the time of “We Media”, Chinese poetry has gained unprecedented development with the help of new media. Numerous people are actively taking part in poetry creation. Chinese contemporary poetry does not improve in the whole, but it does change accordingly. The popular, entertaining and playful poems increase; the experimental ones relatively standstill. Those writing poems are relatively younger than their forerunners, but the middle-aged poets are still the main force in poetry writing field. In the future, poetry writers in the time of “We Media” should have self-discipline consciousness, and print poetry journals should stick to artistic noumenonn. The guidance from professional editors and researchers should be more effective and exert positive influence on spontaneous writers, so as to remedy the disorder and confusion in current poetry writing.

The relationship between poetry and public world is a crucial poetic problem in the course of development and transmutation of poetry. Since the beginning of the new century, due to the various modes of transmission and public platforms offered by new media, the propagation of poetry has become more convenient, rapid and widespread; therefore, comparing with the isolating state between poetry and public world in personal writing since 1990s, many changes have taken place in the relationship between poetry and public world, concerning the attitudes of poets toward the public world, the transmission platform, the social function, the art form, the discourse strategy and so on, which have changed the development trend of poetry of the new century. However, few systematic and deep researches have been done in this academic field so far.

"My poem" is both the achievements of poetry writing of Chinese contemporary workers and a comprehensive cultural practice. The process of the development from the "text" to the "phenomenon" demonstrates triple cultural contradictions: the misplacement of identity differences and survival experience, the reflective and critical industrial rationality that assimilated by market and capital at last, the paradox of enlightenment and pseudo enlightenment. These contradictions are both the internal contradictions of the creation of workers poetry and the epitomes of the internal contradictions of economy, society and culture in the process of modernization in contemporary China. The analysis of internal contradictions of poetry writing of contemporary workers provides us with new possibilities to understand contemporary workers poetry deeply, think further about the new poetry writing and reconsider the relationship of poetry and reality.

It seems that Harold Pinter, the absurdist playwright should not have any relation to historical narratives. As a matter of fact, Pinter had experienced the World War Ⅱin his childhood. When he grew up, he wrote down the historical feelings unconsciously in the style of the theatre of the absurd. The historical narratives scatter in his plays with the style of fragments and so they are nonlinear. Combined with the vacillated viewpoints, Pinter’s writing technique produces a lot of blanks or room in the texts, which stimulates the readers’ imagination, and promotes the reconstruction of history. The way of Pinter’s historical narratives is the reflection of his historical viewpoints, which formed in the clash between different elements in Pinter’s mind.

Sarah Waters is one of the most famous contemporary British writers, well known for her neo-Victorian novels. Like all other neo-Victorian novels, her works not only present the historical and social background of the Victorian England, but reflect the influence of contemporary ideologies and theories. Her Affinity and Tipping the Velvet are two of the most famous neo-Victorian novels, both of which vividly present the lives of marginalized women in Victorian England. What’s special about her presentation is that it’s based on contemporary understandings of sex/sexuality. While re-presenting the past, she reflects upon the past and reveals the truth of gender. Drawing on Butler’s gender performativity theory, this essay will examine how Waters dissects gender by re-presenting the lives of Victorian women.

In the environment of cultural diversity made up of different ethnic groups, intercultural education is a social instrument for nurturing students to have a rational reflection on their own culture, learning cultural achievements of all ethnic groups, achieving their own cultural reconstruction and promotion and thus promoting common prosperity and development of different ethnic groups. The teachers in the ethnic regions shoulder the intercultural education mission of cultivating students with civic rationality with critical spirit, cultural awareness with local emotions, and cross-cultural knowledge with global view and so on, and they also should have the core qualities including cross-cultural understanding ability, public responsibility consciousness, multicultural critical ability, cross-cultural teaching integration and culture research competence, which can implement effective cross-cultural education.

Balanced development has become a great development goal in today’s world including modern education. Due to the particularity of university teachers' performance, scientific evaluation system should aim at balanced development. There are still many problems in Chinese current evaluation system of colleges and universities, such as over-evaluating academic research and quantity and under-evaluate teaching and quality; paying great attention to common assessment while neglecting the differences between disciplines and positions; attaching importance to the achievement of group but paying insufficient attention to teachers' individual development, etc. Many aspects, including the influence of traditional management philosophy, the low level of scientific management and the eagerness for quick success and instant benefits lead to the above problems. Therefore, it is urgent for us to set up people-oriented evaluation idea and implement scientization of teachers’ performance appraisal index system to achieve colleges and universities’ internal balanced development.

Music is an artistic home for human thoughts and emotions especially indispensable spiritual nutrition for individuals. Usually, each ethnic group and its members’ cultural understanding and quality cultivation are the starting points for its music development. The essence of students’ music development are expressed on cultural, aesthetic and practical features, etc. The essence of students’ music development is demonstrated in its cultural, aesthetic and practical features, and its core qualities are presented as: focusing on musical aesthetics, enhancing musical practice and creativity in context, understanding musical ontology and integrating various disciplines, showing love of folk music and acknowledging the diversity of musical cultures. Educational strategies to cultivate such qualities include: strengthening the link-up between different learning stages of students’ music development, focusing on music aesthetics and ontology, paying more attention to the listening abilities of students, valuing intoning, local folk music, traditional operas and intangible cultural heritages being brought into campus, and infiltrating cultural identity of the musical works and cultural identity of students.