Engels clearly interpreted, in his Umrisse zu einer Kritik der Nationalkonomie, the relationship between capital and labor from the perspective of production process. With such a view, the mutual unity, in the process of general production, of capital, serving as means and products of labor, and labor itself was indicated, together with a division of capital and labor under the condition of private ownership. Such divisions, Young Engels found, occurred in the process of production, instead of exchange. Hence came his general idea of the critique of private ownership indeed humanistic, different from the Young Hegelian members such as Hess as in Engels’ opinion, the interpretation of the specific content of the alienated labor process, but not the elaboration of alienation characteristics, gained more weight. Though without too far advance in this specific analysis, Young Engels’ interpretation is concluded as a a weak humanistic approach if we take the abstract humanistic interpretation of Hess School a kind of strong approach. Such a view offers theoretical space enough to enable Engels to walk towards historical materialism in terms of philosophical methodology.

The concept of “capital” in the The Grundrisse (1857—1858) is not equivalent to that in modern Western economics, and the word bears, in the sense of historical materialism, a philosophical concept with contradictory characteristics. Such features that capital bears as material, production relation and process, was bestowed, Marx indicated, in essence by the inherent contradictions of capitalist productivity and production relations, through his examining the inherent contradictions of the commodity itself, the currency itself, and the relationship between currencies.

Network media has become an important form of interest expression in the information age. The current researches on interest expression through network media is confined either to taking the whole network as a medium or to focusing on the specific media specially developed by network technology. The types and general attributes of network media, therefore, cannot be fully presented. An acceptance of such a negative consequence leaves governments a dilemma in classifying and controlling a large number of communication subjects. To cope with that, this paper reveals, in a more comprehensive way, the inclusiveness and extensibility of interest expression behavior in different medias, and puts forward the correspondent logic of a comprehensive governance that adapts to the basic attribute and development trend of network media under the premise of fully considering the changes of network media in the future.

It is worth exploring how to solve unbalanced and inadequate supply of public services by project system. A research on the sinking policy of high-quality medical resources in Zhejiang Province shows that the problem of insufficient medical service capacity and resource shortage at the grass roots can be solved to a certain extent by means of the trust cooperation of public hospitals prized by project system. The implementation of such a project is not equal to the parallel two-way cooperation of commercial projects, but also goes beyond the policy logic of “multi-line mobilization” and “cross-level integration” of the traditional government project system. Through a series of mechanisms of “multi-dimensional mobilization”, “external integration” and “internal stratification”, especially the inputs of “bureaucratic variable” and “specialized variable” respectively in the “governance layer” and the “technical level” with the help of “embedded governance structure”, “bundled personnel policy”, it responds to the coordination dilemma and performance control problem of multiple “contract-awarding” relations. Of course, a performance of the project functions depends on the full response to the tension between bureaucracy, specialization and marketization logic, as well as the imbalance of power and responsibility within bureaucracy. This further leads to a deeper institutional change and creates conditions for the adjustment of local actors’ autonomy and the improvement of governance capacity.

The past five years (2013-2018) have witnessed governments at all levels promoting the innovation of regulation mechanism in the direction of behavior regulation, linear-type regulation, platform-based regulation and public-private mixed regulation, with an attempt to make a shift from the traditional model of “limited access + penalty” to the in-process and afterwards regulation, a comprehensive process. This research, based on two key dimensions including the elements of regulatory system and the subject model of regulatory innovation, constructs a composite analytical framework, which can systematically sort out the innovation of in-process and afterwards regulatory mechanism from the perspective of tool structure. The research tells: Chinese government has gradually built up a complete tool structure or mechanism system of in-process and afterwards regulation adaptable to behavior-outcome supervision; But there can be found some weaknesses in constructing behavior-orienting mechanism, meta-regulation and regulation of new phenomena; The innovation of mechanism of in-process and afterwards regulation should be strengthened from the aspects of regulation performance-based and process-based, as well as the “Regulatory Sandbox” plan.

According to the provisions of bilateral investment agreements, investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) can be submitted to ICSID or to International Commercial Arbitration. However, the recognition and enforcement mechanisms under the two arbitration awards are quite different as the former is based on the mechanism of The Washington Convention, and the latter is drawn from the rules of The New York Convention. In practice, a considerable part of ISDS is not settled through ICSID arbitration, resulting in the question whether some ISDS cases thus decided can be recognized and how to implement such cases. In view of this, the following three aspects are to be discussed: the feasibility of applying The New York Convention to investment arbitration, the judicial review of investment arbitration under The Convention, and the issue of state immunity in the enforcement of awards. The practice of international investment arbitration shows that investment arbitration and commercial arbitration are interrelated and independent. The current recognition and enforcement mechanism of investment arbitration awards are still mainly based on the mechanism of The Washington Convention, supplemented by that of The New York Convention.

Fintech is the commanding height of future global financial competition and the source of financial core competitiveness. After years of development, the blockchain has gradually formed an independent technical system and become a pioneer in current financial technology. This article introduces the characteristics of blockchain, and elaborates its commercial value and its application scenarios. Based on the analysis of the technical and financial attributes of blockchain, it reviews the civil exploration of blockchain finance, and introduces the traditional financial practice enabled by an embrace of banks, high-tech companies and blockchian technology. Furthermore, the paper explores the development status of national sovereignty and super-sovereign digital currencies, and finally discusses the prospects and challenges of blockchain finance, the dispute between alliance and public chains, as well as the challenges between national sovereignty and super-sovereignty currencies.

Blockchain technology, as a power to transform the Internet, has been drawing attention of the whole society. Such a technology, as it bears the characteristics of anonymity, decentralization, tamperability and non-trust, will bring great changes to people’s livelihood. This paper discusses the situation and tasks of “blockchain+people’s livelihood” under the “blockchain+” technology. The opportunities brought include co-governance of people’s livelihood, sharing and co-construction of people’s livelihood data, and resolution of the trust of people’s livelihood information; the challenges lie not only in fundamental issues such as laws and regulations, talent, new technology difficulties, but also in practical issues such as the difficulty of integrating the old and new systems. In conclusion are the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the dimensions like fundamentality, co-construction, co-governance and sharing.

With the development of urbanization in China, the system of teachers’ flowing in compulsory education is gradually moving towards perfect. The implementation of such a system in ethnic areas is, however, confronted with many problems, such as broad objectives, vague implementation subjects, incomplete system elements, lack of driving mechanism, and fetters of management mechanism. As a result, here comes difficulties in its implementation, as well as an in-depth exploration of such a topic. The core of the construction, the paper finds, mainly includes the power generation mechanism, the communication and coordination mechanism and the evaluation and feedback mechanism; it is urgent to establish regulations in terms of laws and regulations, contracts, supervision and other aspects, so as to regulate the behavior choice of education administrative departments, teachers’ mobile schools and mobile teachers.

This paper is designed to explore the influence of social exclusion crisis on, children’s deceptive behavior, and the regulatory role of belonging needs. The first task is finished in Experiment One, by employing the random exclusion task and problem-solving digital matrix task; the second one is carried on in Experiment Two by adopting attribution needs questionnaire to select the high-level and low-level subjects. The cheating behavior of the Social Exclusion Crisis Group, the former tells, was significantly higher than that of the Social Exclusion Group and the Control Group. Children’s group deception, in the high social exclusion crisis, the latter finds, was significantly higher than children’s individual deception, and the group deception in the high needs group was significantly higher than that in the low needs group. The crisis of social exclusion leads to children’s deception, and the need of belonging can adjust the influence of social exclusion threat on such negative behavior.

The opening of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty (202BC-8AD) infused various new cultural factors into ancient China. Among them, Tianma and the Winged Beast are listed as very important art themes transmitted through the Silk Road, leaving many traces and relics in archaeological discoveries. In this paper analyzed and discussed are several important academic issues, such as the worship of the God of the Two Horses in Central Asia and its spread to the East, the popularity of the Winged Beasts in the Han Dynasty, the idea of Emperor Wudi’s seeking immortality and the promotion of the belief in Tianma by Kunlun mythology. Such historical and cultural phenomena on the Silk Road in the Han and Jin Dynasties (202BC-420AD) are analyzed from the perspective of archaeology and art history.

The continuous growth and extensive application of big data technology provide new technologies, new methods and new models for government innovation, and offers a great convenience for commons’ daily life. Even so, such a technology, a double-edged sword, has triggered some social risks such as identity theft, privacy exposure, digital gap, and security crisis. To cope with this, we should strengthen the data integrity of the contract management, improve the transparency of data purposes; enhance personal data thinking and ideas, build a common value platform; maintain data security according to the law, and reach a consistency between data values and behavior.