Abstract: The past five years (2013-2018) have witnessed governments at all levels promoting the innovation of regulation mechanism in the direction of behavior regulation, linear-type regulation, platform-based regulation and public-private mixed regulation, with an attempt to make a shift from the traditional model of “limited access + penalty” to the in-process and afterwards regulation, a comprehensive process. This research, based on two key dimensions including the elements of regulatory system and the subject model of regulatory innovation, constructs a composite analytical framework, which can systematically sort out the innovation of in-process and afterwards regulatory mechanism from the perspective of tool structure. The research tells: Chinese government has gradually built up a complete tool structure or mechanism system of in-process and afterwards regulation adaptable to behavior-outcome supervision; But there can be found some weaknesses in constructing behavior-orienting mechanism, meta-regulation and regulation of new phenomena; The innovation of mechanism of in-process and afterwards regulation should be strengthened from the aspects of regulation performance-based and process-based, as well as the “Regulatory Sandbox” plan.

Key words: government regulation, in-process and afterwards regulation, tool structure, mechanism innovation, to delegate power, streamline administration and optimize government services