关键词: 蹲考族, 理性人假设, 预期收益, 预期成本, 人力资本投资, 大学生就业, 代际流动

Abstract: Recent years has witnessed more and more graduates, under high employment pressure, cornered to act as “Dunkaozu” (“the squatting test group”, i.e. those unemployed college-degree candidates with sole preference to posts of governmental organizations or public institutions). According to the interview and questionnaire surveys conducted, most of them are voluntary to be a squatter, they get support from family, and they expect to work in government-sponsored organizations or institutions in big cities or hometown cities. From the perspective of hypothesis of rational man, such a social phenomenon is available in that the expected benefit is greater than the expected cost. The expected cost includes opportunity cost, economic cost and psychological cost-the severe employment situation has reduced the opportunity cost, and the support of family has lessened their economic and psychological costs; the expected benefit includes more employment opportunities and higher employment quality. “Dunkao”is a rational choice for unemployed graduates based on the maximization of the expected benefits, and it is a kind of human capital investment behavior, telling a kind of struggle spirit and life attitude of self-reliance, which can not and need not be completely eliminated. To deal with the phenomenon, it is urgent to enhance their chances of success in the exam, and improve the employment rate and quality.

Key words: Dunkaozu, hypothesis of rational man, expected benefit, expected cost, human capital investment, employment of college students, intergeneration mobility