国家治理现代化的政治认知基础——基于中国网民和大学生的实证分析

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2022.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 现代国家治理要求民众具备较高的政治知识素养与政治认知能力,盲从的公民可能导致公共政策非理性化和舆论空间的失衡。在社会心理学中,“达克效应”被用来揭示“无知者更自信”的过度自信现象。以中国普通网民和中国大学生为调查对象,对中国民众的政治认知能力进行统计分析,结果表明:相较于大学生群体,中国网民群体政治认知水平较低,对自身的实际政治知识水平的认知也存在偏差,政治认知能力越低的网民越倾向于认为自身的政治知识水平高于平均水平,政治认知能力越高的网民则越倾向于低估自身政治知识水平。总体而言,中国普通民众在政治领域存在“达克效应”现象,认知闭合、威权人格与过度自信存在显著的相关性,可部分解释过度自信的来源。社交媒体在拓宽大众参政议政渠道的新形势下如何提高部分民众的政治认知能力成为新时代中国国家治理亟待解决的难题。

关键词: 过度自信, 达克效应, 政治知识, 政治能力, 现代国家治理

Abstract: To pursue modern national governance, its citizens are supposed to equip with high political knowledge literacy and political cognitive ability as ignorant and blind citizens may mislead decision-makes to adopt irrational public policies and create an imbalanced public opinion space. The “D-K effect”, employed in social psychology to reveal the overconfidence phenomenon that “the ignorant are more confident”, is adopted in this study with Chinese ordinary netizens and Chinese college students as the survey objects, to make a statistical analysis on the political cognitive ability of the Chinese people. The results show that:1) compared with the latter, the former has a lower level of political cognition; 2) there are also gaps in their cognition of their own actual political knowledge: netizens with lower political cognition tend to overestimate while these with higher political cognition tend to underestimate their own political knowledge. Generally speaking, “D-K effect” is commonly available in the political field and there is a significant correlation between cognitive closure, authoritarian personality and overconfidence, which can partly explain the source of overconfidence. How to improve the political cognitive ability of some people under the new situation of broadening the channels for the public to participate in and discuss politics has become an urgent problem for China’s national governance in the new era, this paper finds.

Key words: over-confidence, D-K effect, political knowledge, political ability, modern national governance

中图分类号:

D621

马得勇, 黄敏璇. 国家治理现代化的政治认知基础——基于中国网民和大学生的实证分析[J]. 广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）, 2022, 58(5): 21-36.

MA De-yong, HUANG Min-xuan. The Political Cognitive Basis of the Modernization of National Governance—An Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Netizens and College Students[J]. Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2022, 58(5): 21-36.

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