Abstract: One of the reflections of traditional governance that features with overall control and intensive governance is that modern countries attach more and more importance to governance technology. Poverty alleviation in rural areas, supported by the concept of “precision” and a set of technologies, has become a practical sample of observing “technology governance”. Objectively, the operation of “precise” mechanism driven by technology, while arousing more complex and multi-dimensional effects, bears many risks: 1) isolation of the action subject and weakening of the governance ability; 2) sinking and expansion of the governance organization and transformation of the system; 3) exclusion of the administrative mechanism to the market and social elements; 4) large-scale investment of the governance resources and its dissipation, and degeneration of governance function. Such risks are directly resulted from over dependence on governance technology: 1) fixation of technological objectives and the dynamics of social demand and development; 2) integrity of technological application and segmentation of administrative organizations; 3) lack of connectivity of technological embeddedness and cohesion government-society cohesion; 4) continuous tension between the support requirements of technological sinking and rapid expansion of governance costs. The risk and evolution logic embodied in technological governance tell the dual construction of institution and technology in current national governance. Transcending the vision and limitation of pure technology governance and returning to the norms and construction of governance system will avoid and resolve governance risks, thus promoting the modernization of national governance.

Key words: target poverty alleviation, state governance, technology governance, risk