Abstract: The mainstream ideology in the Western Han Dynasty is dominated by Confucianism; meanwhile, with comprehensive innovation on various schools of thoughts, it has three obvious characteristics of popularization: the public’s belief in "Heaven" and widely acceptance of the idea of “Human and Heaven”, the consistency of the ideology with family and social ethics and its penetration of into daily life, its providence of common value orientation that suits practice for people-ritual. All of these can provide implications for the popularization of Marxism today: firstly, the ideological concept system must be established on the basis of the national psychology and cultural tradition of a certain society; secondly, the ideology should be equipped with humanistic caring consciousness; thirdly, it should provide a common value orientation that is concise and convenient for all people to practice

Key words: the Western Han Dynasty, ideology, popularity, ritual