The Chinese social documents of the Song Dynasty,with Military and Political Documents on Northwest Border unearthed in Heishui City, are the original record and the official document of military and political activity on northwest border in the Song Dynasty and has great historical literature value. The technical terms used in these documents include categorial terms, hierarchical words, formula words. These different types of official document terms have special meanings, which is an important characteristic distinct from other literary forms. The frequent use of the official document terms in Military and Political Documents on Northwest Border in the Song Dynasty unearthed in Heishui City also reflect the mature official document system in the Song Dynasty

Fanqie characters, the special characters in 19th hakka literature Qimengqianxue, can be divided into two types: one is that their components only represent their sounds, and the other is that their components indicate both their sounds and sense. Different from sound compound characters and chemical characters, the components of fanqie characters have the function to indicate the sense of words, which is the result from contrasting Chinese characters and western characters, and summarizing advantage and disadvantage of the Chinese characters. The creation of fanqie characters is also an attempt to combine the sense and the sounds of Chinese characters

The folk ballad in “Li Dialect”, a ethnic ballad widely sung in Yangshan area, is an important intangible cultural heritage of Yangshan Area, Hainan Province. The ballad language in “Li Dialect” has unique features and wide range of contents and themes, reflecting people’s labor, production, love and longing for a better life in Yangshan. However, the “Li Dialect” has no written characters; therefore, the mode of transmission is mainly carried out by means of oral transmission from generation to generation, so that many ballads have already failed to be handed down from past generations at present. The newly-discovered Folk Ballads records the lyrics in a unique way called “Big Chinese Characters” by the local people, which perfected the study of ballad language of Hainan ethnic minorities, filled the gap of written records and folk oral literature of “Li Dialect” in Yangshan area and provided a writing carrier with the phenomenon of loanwords in “Li Dialect”. Therefore, the book, an important national cultural treasure in Yangshan of Hainan, is of great value to the study and inheritance of “Li Dialect” and its folk ballads as well as the culture of “Li Dialect” in Yangshan area

The year 2018 marks the 170th anniversary of the Communist Manifesto as well as the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth. Carding the 100-year history of the evaluations of Manifesto should be one of the best ways to commemorate this immortal work of mankind and the great teacher Marx. In the past 170 years, there has been a lot of literature about the evaluations of Manifesto. By sorting out the main ideas of foreign academia, including the thinkers’ evaluations of the post period of the Second International (1889-1914) after the death of Engels as well as the evaluations of the academia of socialist countries and the capitalist countries after the October Revolution (1917), several conclusions are drawn from those, namely, the thoughts of Manifesto represent the direction of human development; we should regard the Manifesto in the height of the history of socialist ideology, the history of human thought and the history of human civilization; we should adhere to the scientific standards when evaluate the Manifesto, which is the unification of historical and moral standards; and we should also stick to the scientific thoughts of the Manifesto, avoid dogmatism and be good at innovating Marxism in practice

Manifesto of the Communist Party Marx and Engels describe the abstract legal concepts by means of the quasi physical, personification, image manipulation and time-space metaphor to expound the characteristics of laws as part of superstructure, as well as its instrumentality and vegetal nature. Meanwhile, they claim the law has human will and prejudice, and it is improved with the change of the economic foundation. The mapping and interaction mechanisms of these metaphorical concepts also reflect the inherent similarity between the source domain and the target domain, which is the scientific conclusion of Marx’s legal philosophy

The mainstream ideology in the Western Han Dynasty is dominated by Confucianism; meanwhile, with comprehensive innovation on various schools of thoughts, it has three obvious characteristics of popularization: the public’s belief in "Heaven" and widely acceptance of the idea of “Human and Heaven”, the consistency of the ideology with family and social ethics and its penetration of into daily life, its providence of common value orientation that suits practice for people-ritual. All of these can provide implications for the popularization of Marxism today: firstly, the ideological concept system must be established on the basis of the national psychology and cultural tradition of a certain society; secondly, the ideology should be equipped with humanistic caring consciousness; thirdly, it should provide a common value orientation that is concise and convenient for all people to practice

“Moral Luck” is a moral phenomenon with the characteristic of being thought of as being “oxymoronic”, because of its repellent to “control principle”. Since 1976 this concept raised by Bernard Williams and others has always been one of the important issue in the study of contemporary moral philosophy. Based on the critical standpoint of Williams, the controversy of the problem of “moral luck” represents the separation of agents and their daily lives which result from the development of western moral philosophy, including the pursuit of universalization and utmost value of morality and with the representative of Kantian Deontology and utilitarianism. It means that the development of moral philosophy theory has to combine with the specific practices of daily life

There is an unconscious tendency in the research of Rawls’s theory, namely intuitively thinking that liberty has become a cliche topic of liberalism theory, thus considering it as a kind of consensus and will not have too much discussion. But from Rawls’s change of expression about the principle of liberty, it can be found that his thinking on liberty neither simply follows the established view of liberalism nor thinks that liberty problems have been settled without further investigation. On the contrary, Rawls’s new thinking on liberty is shown in his views of the priority of liberty and the distinction between liberty and its value. From the paper of Justice as Fairness (1958) to the book of Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (2001), which records Rawls’s understanding process of liberty principle and its connotation. Grasping the process helps us to understand Rawls’s new contribution to traditional thoughts on the connotation, extension and essence of liberty, provides a new perspective for us to better grasp the justice theory

By drawing lessons from predecessors’ implementation mold and centering on four core factors of government’s institution executive capability: responsibility, supervision and inspection, awards and punishments and improvement, a four-dimensional executive mold which can effectively strengthen local government’s institution executive capability has been established. The mold’s operating mechanism has been designed scientifically from the four dimensions and it stresses on strengthening investigation rate and intensifying awards and punishments to improve government’s institution executive capability

Housing and children are two major issues in household decision-making. Based on the dynamic survey of Chinese migrants in 2015, this paper analyzes the influence of housing burden on fertility desire, and explores what effect population characteristics, family features and human capital may have on the relationship between housing burden and fertility desire. This study shows that housing burden has a positive incentive on fertility decision-making for the first fertility families but it has a crowding out effect on the re-fertility families. Besides, the control of variable income can supply or substitute housing burden in some degree, which can increase families’ fertility desire. And age, marriage, family register, education and working experience have diverse effects on fertility decision.

The generation and dissemination of college students’ network public opinion has undergone fundamental changes during the We-Media era. The production and demand of personalized information and the “I”-based information spreading ways have brought great challenges to credibility construction of the Party organizations in colleges and universities. As a result, the credibility of the Party organizations in colleges plays an important role in guiding college students’ network public opinion under the in-depth analysis of We-Media. And exploring new ways and methods to guide university students’ Internet public opinion is not only a significant part of the credibility construction of party organizations in colleges, but also an essential access point to further strengthen the credibility of the Party organizations in colleges

Yang Shen and Wang Wenlu were neutralists in the debate on the relationship between parallel-prose and prose in the mid-Ming Dynasty. Under the trend of denying the parallel-prose , especially the negative trend of parallel-prose in the Six Dynasties, they corrected the bias of worshipping the ancient prose genre and broaden their horizons to the Six Dynasties. One of them, Yang Shen advocated the diversification of the system and style of the articles, opposed echoing what others had said, and inherited the predecessors’ traditions of selecting sentences to reach aims and to criticize. Moreover, Yang Shen objectively evaluated the famous sentences, paragraphs and articles from the Six Dynasties to the Tang and Song dynasties, showing an impartial attitude to the Six-Dynasties parallel-prose. While Wang Wenlu, on the one hand, focused on both parallel-prose and prose in his literary criticism equally. On the other hand, he criticized the ancient style prose of Han Yu and his worshipers’ genre and corrected their demerits, which performed the fair attitude on the Six Dynasties as Yang Shen and created a new literary ethos

As a result of its special stylistic features, parallel prose is constrained by various forms. There are natural flaws in the expression function. In particular, and it is especially not advisable to discuss and reason. Lu Zhi took into consideration the content and form when deliberating, with a deep discussion and a clear reasoning. He used parallel prose, and this made readers feel “not funny” when reading, and could be called “an alternative” in the parallel prose. Many scholars have discussed this issue. Based on the research of the "chain" structure proposed by German sinologist Professor Wagner and the ancient Chinese style "lianzhu", this paper analyzes the formation reasons of parallel prose traits by Lu Zhi from the perspective of sentence structure and semantic logic. The author believes that Lu Zhi’s parallel prose has completed the breakthrough of discussion and reasoning through the use and expansion of the “chain” structure, and thus formed a “repeated and smooth” and “deeply illustrious” style. The reason why Lu Zhi’s parallel prose was able to develop a "chain" structure to achieve functional breakthroughs is not only in agreement with the ancients’ thinking mode and the ancient article’s dissertation; it is also closely related to Tang Dezong’s inclinations and governing style because of actual political needs. The innovation of Lu Zhi’s parallel prose has exerted a considerable influence on the writing of the posthumous text

Yuan Zhen wrote nearly 300 texts, including Fu, strategy, books, tables, figures, systems, prefaces, inscriptions, and other literary styles. In these articles, Yuan Zhen treats the relationships between parallel prose and prose based on the characteristics and functions of different styles. He stressed that the article should be "suitably elegant and worthwhile." In dealing with relations between parallel prose and prose, the two styles should be flexibly adopted. The official documents of the imperial court, such as document and memorial, are mainly in the form of prose combined with parallel prose, while Fu, judgments, and elegiac address used integratedly prose and parallel prose

After the authority of the Song Dynasty moved to the south of the Yangtze River, discovering and recruiting the talents prevails in the upper class of Southern Song, which contributes to the formation of the large gathering of literati. They spend their time in poetizing and drinking, exchanging ideas, and making their contributions on these gatherings. These literati, who supported by the upper class, are deeply inner-coherent with counselors in the Warring States period in terms of spiritual outlook, personality, attitudes to life, and behavior. In order to make a living, they rush around, seek for development and it becomes a common lifestyle and habitual behavior for them in the Southern Song, which has exerted a profound impact on the prosperity of parallel prose

During the construction and development of the parallel prose in the Ming Dynasty, the anthology of Si-Liu plays a crucial role. Si Liu Can Hua, annotated by Zhang Shiyi, is an anthology which emphasizes especially on parallel prose of the Ming Dynasty. Its collections basically represent the highest level in Si-Liu from the period of Jiajing to Tianqi. As the only existing anthology with systemic commentary, it not only discovers and demonstrated the aesthetic quality of the applied parallel prose, but also makes insightful and unique analysis of various literati’s relevant works in the Ming Dynasty. Meanwhile it profoundly investigates the writing principles and skills of antithetic verse which has a unique and lasting significance in the reconstruction of the theoretical antithetic verse in Ming Dynasty. Thus the value of this discussion cannot be ignored

Prefaces and postscripts of the collected parallel prose in the Qing Dynasty act as a documentary and historical material to witness and record the first story of the resurgence of the parallel prose in the Qing Dynasty. These prefaces and postscripts have rich and diverse forms of style, unique creative groups and the theoretical construction at the initial stage, which all reflect the influence of the revival of parallel prose in the Qing Dynasty. Meanwhile the prefaces and postscripts of the collected parallel prose in the Qing Dynasty also provide abundant circumstantial evidences and cases for the further research of the resurgence of parallel prose in the Qing Dynasty

The deep concern of the ideological and political education of human being is reflected deeply as the ultimate exploration of the nature, the value and the spirit of human beings. Human nature makes people pursue the ideal life goal in the rational consciousness of shaping the individual needs of moral education. The value of man shows the human characteristic of practice in the inner needs of his own development. The spirit of human beings makes people realize the continuing development of moral character in the process of extended reproduction of spiritual activities. The origin of human science in ideological and political education, nature, value and spirit provide a reasonable profound basis of settling down and ultimate support for human beings

For people to practice friendly values, there are three levels: friendly attitude, act of helping others and altruistic spirit of selfless dedication. Friendly values of three levels is put forward to clear different levels of friendliness, to recognize difficulties of every level, and to realize the most perfect friendly spirit. It is aimed to cultivate people’s friendly attitude under learning etiquette as well as developing good character and to encourage people to help others within the legal system and wisdom. Thus continuously overcoming realistic as well as personal difficulties and being willing to make friendly sacrifice, eventually achieving people’s free and comprehensive development, which is the best state of human liberation.

It is an important educational goal to make students learn happily. Teachers are also dedicated to achieve this objective. Happy education from the perspective of "Hedonism" makes students happy, but it is difficult to avoid disadvantages of students’ happy "Homogenization" and "False Happiness". "Propositional Attitude of Happiness" demonstrated that the real happiness is not derived from the senses but the true positive attitude, which students can achieve "Real Happiness" by understanding positive "proposition" of the whole situation. But this view will lead happy education into an epistemology of "Anti-Common Sense" so that students’ "Natural Happiness" was deprived. Marxist theory of happiness shows that human happiness is the unity of materiality and spirituality, the unification of history and sociality in practice and the combination of sensation and cognition. It is a reasonable scientific happiness. Marxist theory of happiness indicates that happiness comes from practice. We should grasp basic material and spiritual needs from practice, avoiding problems of students’ happy "Homogenization", "False Happiness" and epistemology of "Anti-Common Sense", thus it is more conducive to guide teachers and students to know the truth and the good of morality to develop happy education