Abstract: Guidance of the Party building has been the key to promote the efficiency transformation of the mass self-government system, the basic political system in China. Governance efficiency, in terms of grassroots, is embodied in three dimensions: the construction of organizational system, the improvement of residents' participation and the improvement of response. Efficiency of such kind follows the mechanism of “a stimulus of low-cost of strong organization”: 1) the community is divided into small units, thus reducing the scale cost of grassroots autonomy; 2) the ideology and discipline bring into full play of some residents, the Party members with dual identities of organization members, with the aid of which the community building is enhanced, thus reducing the organization cost of grassroots autonomy. Such a mechanism, therefore, conforms to the “cost-benefit principle” as it serves as a way out of the dilemma of large-scale community and difficult mobilization on the one hand, and reduces the cost of collective action on the other, thereby a rational choice for the transformation of system efficiency. This kind of mechanism, however, has to struggle with “organization expansion” and “effective incentive” in practice. Evenso, to help make full preparations, leverage the social forces and foster the consciousness of autonomy, have been major tasks to take on for the Party organizations.

Key words: strong organization, the Party building's leading, grassroots autonomy, residents' autonomy, governance efficiency