Abstract: In the long course of intellectual history, the pursuit of “moderation”, “balance” and “harmony” constitutes a central concern shared by ethical wisdom across diverse civilizational systems. From multiple dimensions—including the supreme status of virtue, the emphasis on rationality, the accommodation of emotions and desires, and the methods of practical realization—the concept “Zhongyong” in Pre-Qin Confucianism and Aristotle’s doctrine of “the Golden Mean” exhibit notable commonalities, revealing a profound resonance across civilizations. At the same time, however, significant divergences exist between the two in their philosophical foundations, core connotations, modes of virtue cultivation, conceptions of subjectivity, and extensions into political philosophy. Consequently, a comparative study of these two intellectual traditions not only facilitates a deeper understanding of the distinct characteristics and historical trajectories of Eastern and Western ethical thought but also provides valuable intellectual resources and critical insights for inter-cultural understanding and the construction of a shared global ethics in today’s interconnected world.

Key words: Pre-Qin Confucianism, Aristotle, Zhongyong/the Golden Mean