Abstract: The NPC budget oversight system is an important institution in the fiscal and economic domain, a component of China′s NPC system, thus playing a significant role in state governance. Since the advent of the new era, grounded in China′s realities and drawing on the experience of other countries, this system has developed a logical framework suited to China′s national conditions, capable of supporting state governance, and bearing distinctive features. The logical framework of the NPC budget oversight system in the new era takes political oversight as its fundamental starting point at the institutional formation level; adheres to the leadership of the Party as the fundamental principle at the institutional operation level; and is oriented toward promoting the people′s well-being as its value goal at the institutional performance level. While enhancing the effectiveness of budget oversight, it provides support for state governance, markedly transcending the adversarial oversight logic of Western budget supervision and highlighting the unique strengths of the NPC budget oversight system, thus offering practical support for breaking the Western discourse monopoly and building an independent knowledge system of Chinese political science.

Key words: NPC budget oversight, budget oversight system, whole-process people′s democracy, state governance