Advancing the systematization and scientification of theory constitutes a vital pathway for theoretical innovation. Adhering to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture represents the theoretical logic underlying the formation of the Party’s innovative theories; employing the Marxist stance, viewpoints, and methods to explore the Chinese path, address China’s problems, summarize China’s experience, and elevate China’s theories constitutes the practical logic governing the founding and development of the Party’s innovative theories. Regarding the systematization and scientification of the Party’s innovative theories, only by following the theoretical and practical logic of their formation, and by properly handling the relationships between the theoretical “source” and the “forefront”, between “upholding fundamental principles” and “breaking new ground”, and between the “themes” and “viewpoints”, can we attain a comprehensive, complete, and accurate understanding of the Party’s innovative theories.

Chinese modernization and Western modernization exhibit numerous distinctions. To genuinely grasp the essence of these distinctions and the historical inevitability of their emergence, it is imperative to conduct an analysis of the philosophical foundations of both models of modernization. Modern Western rationalism provides the philosophical theoretical basis for Western modernization, whereas Chinese modernization takes Marxist historical materialism as its philosophical foundation. The most significant distinction lies in the former’s adherence to the logic of capital supremacy and the latter’s commitment to the logic of putting people first. Chinese modernization is characterized by an emphasis on integration at all levels, which stands in stark contrast to the pervasive confrontation inherent in Western modernization. Furthermore, there exists a profound divergence in perspectives regarding humanity’s capacity to eliminate the various negative effects arising in the course of modernization. All these distinctions can be explained by the differing philosophical foundations they uphold-namely, that Western modernization is grounded in modern rationalism, while Chinese modernization is founded upon historical materialism.

In the era of digital capitalism, the comprehensive domination of digital technology by the capital accumulation logic has rendered the phenomenon of technological alienation increasingly prominent. Alienation has not only permeated the realm of daily human life but also given rise to new types of labor alienation, rendering technology itself to degenerate into an ideological tool serving the legitimacy of capital. Addressing the erosion of human value rationality by digital technological alienation, British scholar Christian Fuchs, adopting a Marxist stance, has constructed a theoretical framework encompassing three critiques: political economy, technological rationality, and culture. The critique of political economy reveals how digital labor is appropriated by capital and transformed into surplus value; the critique of technological rationality exposes how science and technology become tools for capital to discipline labor and increase the rate of exploitation; the critique of culture illustrates how the digital cultural industry manufactures consumerist illusions and dissolves the value of human subjectivity. Accordingly, Fuchs proposes three paths to digital liberation: “digital commons”, the “occupy movement”, and the “building alternative internet platforms” with an attempt to deconstruct technological alienation and transcend the logic of capital through new working-class movements and alternative practical schemes. However, his critique of digital labor and technological alienation, proceeding from the binary opposition between capital and labor, lacks attention to the dimension of real production and remains merely at the level of ethical critique of capital’s injustice. Moreover, the “Occupy movement” has not evolved into a real social movement resisting capitalist rule, making it difficult to achieve the practical goals of technological liberation and human emancipation.

The period from the “15th Five-Year Plan” to 2035 is a crucial stage for China to make substantive progress in achieving common prosperity, and it is also a transitional period from moderate aging to severe aging society. The latest trends in population aging embrace a large scale and rapid growth rate, a large base of younger older adults alongside the accelerated growth of the oldest-old population, and the simultaneous improvement in older adults’ human capital and the widening of urban-rural disparities in aging. These trends not only pose new requirements for the value connotation and indicator system of common prosperity, but also bring new challenges in terms of wealth accumulation and minimum-income protection, health gaps and multidimensional poverty risks, inter-generational equity and urban-rural and regional coordination. Simultaneously, they also present new opportunities for activating the longevity dividend and new forms of the silver economy, promoting the transformation of social structure and development mode. Guided by the concepts of active aging and healthy aging, efforts should be made to reshape the value orientation and evaluation systems for common prosperity; the foundation of universal prosperity should be consolidated by enhancing the income of the elderly population and expanding inclusive social security; the quality of comprehensive prosperity should be elevated through age-friendly public services and social environments; the momentum for shared prosperity should be stimulated via the development of elderly human resources; the pathways toward progressive prosperity should be optimized through coordinated regional governance and dynamic balanced development. With such joint efforts, a new paradigm of common prosperity featuring inter-generational harmony, full-age inclusivity, and sustained prosperity can be thus built up.

Against the backdrop of rural social transformation and population aging in China, the phenomenon of elderly individuals engaging in “companionship-based elderly care” has gradually become prominent. Based on field research involving 50 elderly individuals in S County, the study finds that the relationship models within this group can be categorized into three types: intimate-interactive, autonomous-loose, and tense-dependent. As a strategic arrangement, the choice of companionship-based elderly care does not signify the disintegration of original family relationships or the intensification of inter-generational tensions. Instead, their life value and meaning of the elderly remain rooted in their original families. To achieve the goal of “living within the original family”, elderly individuals in companionship arrangements adopt a series of strategies: living together without shared finances to facilitate the flow of economic resources to the original family; directing benefits downward to secure material resources from the original family; utilizing contractual marriage to bind responsibilities and risks to the original family; and integrating strategies to satisfy emotional needs within the original family. Additionally, elderly individuals can move freely between the companionship household and their original family, ensuring they can return to the original family and receive support from their children after the companionship ends. This “exit-available” mechanism provides a crucial basis for the sustainable reproduction of the partnership elderly care model. Companionship-based elderly care, driven by changes in family support ethics and insufficient family support capacity, not only serves as a strategic choice for active self-care among the elderly, but also shapes a new form of inter-generational relations characterized by the coexistence of “separation-integration”. While some adopt it as a strategic arrangement, the majority continue to rely on the original family for support. Consequently, addressing the challenges of population aging requires a dual approach-enhancing the capacity of family-based care while systematically developing a comprehensive rural elder care service system.

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China explicitly proposed the comprehensive implementation of the “Artificial Intelligence (AI)+” initiative and incorporated AI into the scope of national security capacity building. Compared with traditional robots that rely on fixed rules or preset paths to complete single tasks, embodied intelligent elderly care robots possess significant growth points in aspects such as active perception, intelligent decision-making, efficient execution, and smart collaboration. Existing research focuses on disembodied intelligence, such as generative AI, while relatively neglecting the value, risks, and governance issues of embodied intelligence. The study finds that embodied intelligent elderly care robots enable and facilitate elderly care services through four dimensions namely “perception-decision-making-service-evolution”. Simultaneously, they face numerous practical obstacles stemming from technical architectures, application scenarios, and ethical values. To break through these developmental barriers, it is necessary to construct trustworthy algorithm and ontology architectures, optimize human-robot interaction and clarify responsibility subjects, and implement value alignment alongside humanistic care. While promoting technological development, it is essential to synchronously build a governance system adaptable to it, thereby driving the deep integration and high-quality development of the “AI+” initiative and elderly care services.

The standardization of smart elderly care data resources has become a core issue in promoting the high-quality development of elderly care services. However, China’s current standards system for smart elderly care data resources remains incomplete, suffering from headaches such as missing standards, overlapping standards, and lagging updates, which constrain the full realization of data element value. To address this issue, the Weillman theoretical model can be referenced and expanded to construct a three-dimensional conceptual model for smart elderly care data resource standards. This model integrates a standard hierarchy dimension (national, industry, local, group), an application scenario dimension (home-based, community-based, institutional), and a data resource dimension (foundational, developmental, managerial, utilization). Based on the correlation between existing standards and the core elements of data resources, China’s current smart elderly care standards can be classified into two categories: strongly related and weakly related. By mapping the existing standards system onto the smart elderly care data resource standards framework, three core problems can be identified: a lack of top-level design, structural imbalance, and content conflicts. To promote the scientific, healthy, and sustainable development of the smart elderly care data resource standards system, it is imperative to strengthen top-level design and organizational safeguards, advance standards development and dynamic maintenance, and reinforce the implementation and guarantee mechanisms for standards.

Classroom video analysis serves as a crucial pathway for uncovering instructional laws and fostering teacher professional growth, and has become the new normal in teaching quality evaluation. The advancement of intelligent technologies offers novel paradigms for classroom research, positioning technology-enhanced classroom analysis as a significant research direction. Grounded in the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) application framework, this study systematically examines the analytical elements, potential space, and risk mitigation within the field of multimodal classroom video analysis across three dimensions: human-factor design, human-intelligence embodied technical design, and ethically-aligned design. At the level of analytical elements, the focus is on three types of modal information: teacher-student behavior, emotion, and cognition. Among these, behavioral recognition technology is developing most rapidly, affective analysis is maturing, while intelligent analysis of the cognitive dimension remains relatively underdeveloped. At the level of potential space, future efforts should be directed to promote the evolution of analytical subjects from single entities to long-term teacher-student interaction, the evolution of analytical techniques from multi-source data to integrated decision-making, and the evolution of analytical content from element identification to meaning attribution. At the level of risk mitigation, technological applications face challenges such as privacy leakage, algorithmic bias, value alienation, and emotional defense, which must be addressed through privacy stewardship, algorithmic fairness, value guidance, and emotional inclusivity. Based on these findings, this study provides theoretical references and practical insights for precise classroom analysis, precision teaching research, and teacher professional development supported by intelligent technologies.

Cybersecurity is closely linked to national politics, economic stability, and social order. In maintaining cybersecurity, talent is the key; however, China currently faces a massive shortage of cybersecurity professionals and region serves as the primary battleground for macro-level talent management. Focusing on the core question of “how to match the supply and demand of cybersecurity talent at the regional level”, this study utilizes semi-structured interview data and relevant research reports, and adopts the grounded theory. It extracts 67 initial concepts, 16 initial categories, and 5 main categories-namely foundational environment, development planning, cultivation systems, talent mobility, and matching effectiveness-to construct a “storyline” of regional cybersecurity talent supply-demand matching. The findings reveal that the foundational environment influences the development planning, cultivation systems, and talent mobility of cybersecurity professionals. To effectively cultivate and tap into talent and leverage their efficacy, relevant departments need to coordinate at all levels, constructing a composite knowledge system for cybersecurity talent and introducing regional talent incentive policies. This involves scientifically forecasting and planning talent development to formulate talent strategies. Furthermore, the talent cultivation system must focus on the process of identifying, nurturing, and developing various human resources widely existing in society through a series of activities, thereby transforming them into qualified talent. This study provides important theoretical and practical guidance for exploring pathways for talent support in China’s in-depth advancement of the “Cyber Power Strategy”.

The educational ecology dominated by technological rationality has driven the Being of education into an inauthentic state of fallenness. The loss of teacher as “Being” has become one of the severe challenges confronting contemporary education. Specifically, teacher’s “Being” is alienated into “beings”; teacher’s “Dasein” is alienated into the “They-self”; and teacher’s “poetic dwelling” is alienated into “technological inhabitation”. On the basis of criticizing the technological “Ge-stell”, Heidegger proposed a clarifying path for the return of Being oriented toward the “poetic thinking”. Taking this as a starting point, teachers should adhere to the dual-track parallelism of “technology-Being” in teaching, return to the authentic development of Dasein through “readiness-to-hand” and “conscience”, and arouse the possibilities of their Dasein through poetic measures, thereby helping themselves retrieve authentic Being under the “poetic breakthrough”.

Against the backdrop of the “dual carbon” goals profoundly reshaping corporate value assessment systems and accelerating the cultivation of green productivity, whether carbon commitment compliance-as a key signal demonstrating the authenticity of corporate low-carbon transition-can effectively reduce the cost of equity capital has become a core issue concerning corporate green transformation and financing efficiency. Taking China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2023 as the research sample, this study constructs an index of carbon commitment compliance to measure the alignment between corporate carbon commitments and carbon actions, and empirically examines the impact of carbon commitment compliance on the cost of equity capital. The results show that carbon commitment compliance significantly reduces the cost of equity capital. Analyst earnings forecast dispersion and climate risk play partial mediating roles in this relationship, meaning that carbon commitment fulfillment reduces investors’ risk premium requirements by lowering analyst earnings forecast dispersion and mitigating corporate climate risk. Heterogeneity tests further reveal that the negative impact of carbon commitment compliance on the cost of equity is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, non-heavily polluting industries, and firms with higher institutional investor ownership. To reduce pollution and carbon emissions and accelerate the development of green productivity, enterprises should strive to enhance their Carbon Commitment Compliance capabilities, transforming verbal pledges into tangible emission reduction actions to strengthen market trust and lower financing costs. The government should accelerate the refinement and implementation of carbon-related disclosure requirements. Capital markets should strengthen their ability to identify and price carbon commitment fulfillment, guiding capital allocation toward low-carbon transition enterprises.

Against the backdrop of intensifying global climate change, climate risk has emerged as a critical factor constraining corporate green transition. Using panel data from A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges spanning 2013-2022, this paper empirically examines the impact of climate risk on corporate green total factor productivity (GTFP) and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that climate risk significantly inhibits the improvement of corporate GTFP, a conclusion that remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns through instrumental variable estimation and a battery of robustness checks. Mechanism analysis reveals that climate risk not only undermines corporate green governance performance, but also induces managerial myopia, thereby dragging down the long-term performance of GTFP. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that this inhibiting effect is more pronounced in firms with higher supply chain concentration, those in the growth stage, and those with higher chairperson ownership. Further analysis finds that digital transformation and improvements in investment efficiency can effectively mitigate the adverse impact of climate risk. Decomposition analysis based on the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index reveals that this mitigating effect operates primarily through the channel of green technological progress rather than mere improvements in technical efficiency, exhibiting a pronounced “technology-biased” characteristic. To guard against climate risk, enterprises should accelerate digital deployment and optimize investment structures, while regulatory authorities need to formulate targeted climate governance and support policies for vulnerable enterprises to ensure the green and sustainable development of micro-entities.

Based on the Payment Card Contingent Valuation Method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 554 households in Guangzhou to investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) of urban residents in the lower reaches of the Pearl River for improved river basin environmental quality. The Tobit model was employed to empirically examine the main influencing factors of WTP. The results indicate that the proportion of residents in the lower reaches of the Pearl River with positive WTP was 91.52%, with a mean value of 4.62 CNY per month. Individual heterogeneity among urban residents constitutes a significant influencing factor on the demand for river basin environmental quality. Income level significantly enhances their WTP for clean water sources. Regarding behavioral characteristics, the more frequent the riverside exercise, the greater the demand for environmental quality and consequently the higher the WTP; meanwhile, households already equipped with water purifiers exhibited lower WTP. Furthermore, environmental awareness among urban residents significantly influences their WTP for river basin environmental quality. Further income heterogeneity tests reveal that the WTP of low-income groups is more easily driven by the cognition of environmental value and externalities, whereas that of high-income groups is more significantly affected by payment capacity, alternative protective behaviors such as using water purifiers, and migration expectations. Moderation effect results demonstrate that household water purifiers significantly weaken the impact intensity of residents’ river environmental awareness on their WTP. In the process of improving river basin water environments, it is imperative to enhance the cognition of urban residents in the lower reaches regarding the importance of ecosystems and establish incentive mechanisms for river basin ecosystem protection based on the participation and payment of these downstream residents, thereby comprehensively elevating the level of human welfare in both upstream water source areas and downstream residential areas.

The intellectual progression from Hegel and Schelling to Marx gradually established the concept of the “real” (Wirklichkeit) as a fundamental concept of modern philosophy, in which process, Early Romanticism also made significant contributions. From Early Romanticism to Marx, new meanings of the “real” were elucidated across four dimensions: emphasizing sensuous reality in terms of individuality, spontaneity, personality, passion, and concrete specificity; emphasizing social reality from the perspective of community (and its unity with individuality); emphasizing natural reality from the angle of an ever-generating, creative nature; and emphasizing creative reality from the vantage point of constant creation based on art and technology. Marx’s historical materialism advanced each of these dimensions further on the foundation laid by Early Romanticism. Individual reality does not conflict with rational universality but rather harmonizes with it; social reality is not grounded in traditional communities but in modern economic and social life; and the “nature” that freely follows, extends, and sublimates is termed the “real nature”-These are the three dimensions expounded upon in this paper. Marx’s immersion in the intellectual genealogy of Romanticism during his student years, as well as his exposure to the theory of the “romantic machine” in Paris, render the study of the relationship between historical materialism and Early Romanticism not only meaningful but also grounded in tangible historical fact. The historical materialist conception of reality absorbed and sublimated the Early Romantic conception of reality.

Marx’s concept of history refers not only to a vertical temporal process but also to the historicity immanent in the current social structure. Understanding this concept requires not only rational speculation but also sensuous apprehension. Adorno placed high importance on the role of sensibility in grasping historical truth and put forward the proposition that “history is in truth”. In his view, historical truth is the non-identical, living affinity between subject and object in history, representing the unity of opposites between universal and particular elements. Historical truth can only be revealed on the basis of spiritual experience; the general trend of history acts upon the individual in the manner of magic and taboo. The individual’s feeling of this action is, in itself, pain and fear, yet once the individual transcends his own finitude, he can sense happiness within it. Historical truth can only be revealed through genuine critical reflection, which requires us to act both as the “dramatist” of history-using theories and concepts to revise and regulate spiritual experience-and as the “actor” within it-integrating spiritual experience into theories and concepts. Only in this mimetic, dialectical cognition can we truly apprehend historical truth.

Chen Duxiu was the founder of the journal New Youth. From September 1915 to June 1922, during the eight years when Chen Duxiu was the editor-in-chief, the magazine published a total of nine volumes and fifty-four issues. Its editorial office moved several times, relocating from Shanghai to Beijing, then back to Shanghai, and finally to Guangzhou. During this period, New Youth underwent a transformation: initially a publication focused on youth self-cultivation and enlightenment, it evolved into a powerful instrument advocating democratic and scientific ideas, sounding the clarion call for the Ethical Revolution and the Literary Revolution. Subsequently, it further transformed into a stronghold for the dissemination of Marxism and a bridge linking the Eastern Revolution with the World Revolution. Chen Duxiu served as the intellectual soul and leading figure throughout these three historical phases of New Youth’s evolution. Examining and narrating these three stages offers the most direct means to grasp Chen Duxiu’s inner journey during the Awakening Age and to comprehend the arduous and challenging path of Chinese modernization.