To address issues of rural area has always been the most difficult and complex task over China's development.History tells that Sinicization of Marxism first broke through in China’s rural areas as the national condition,in particular to a country that relied much on agriculture,renders the mission of copying western theories and paradigms to solve China’s rural issues unaccomplished.Accordingly,we need to take full advantage of Marxist characters in science,integrity,people and development.In other words,the Marxism approach bears the unity of theoretical logic in solving rural issues.We must,on the one hand,adhere to the basic standpoints,viewpoints and methods of Marxism,and one the other strengthen theoretical research,open up new theoretical fields,thus constructing a rural academic discourse system with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of the theoretical research paradigm of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Poverty alleviation and rural revitalization complement each other as they bear both internal unity and strong heterogeneity.A focus on an analysis of either side is not conducive to an convergence of the two.The unity determines the possibility and key areas of their convergence,while the heterogeneity decides the difficulties and contradictions of the convergence.This paper,based on the above analysis,puts forward the promotion mechanism and suggestions for a connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,targeting to accelerate the formation of a benign pattern of their strategic interaction and integration,so as to further consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation,thus enhancing rural revitalization.

Internet technology’s having “empowered” both the society and the government,a seemingly contradictory result,is worth a reflection.Such empowerment,a case study in Shanghai tells,has experienced different stages:in the era of micro-blog and owners forum,the rise of grassroots opinion leaders has made them a social force that cannot be ignored by grassroots government;in the WeChat era,the government directly gets contact with the masses,with a decline of grassroots opinion leaders,through the official account and WeChat group,a change which has endowed Network technology a role for meticulous management.The grass-roots government,accordingly,has made a shift,from responsive to user-friendly,and experienced a change of focus,from demand response and public consultation to demand management and refined management.

As NIMBY serves as an important form of urban risk in urbanization,its governance has been the main content of building a resilient city.This paper,based on the research paradigms,governance measures,mechanisms and models of environmental NIMBY risk,reveals its characteristics of “Chinese style”,including multi-factor effect,multi-level accumulation and multi-form superposition.In terms of genesis,the research shows that NIMBY conflict is not only the response of social vulnerability,but also the process characterization of urban social resilience.In view of such risk characteristics,this paper clarifies the relationship among environmental NIMBY risk,social vulnerability and urban resilience,defines the connotation of resilience governance,expounds its operation mechanism and governance strategies,and in conclusion it initially puts forward the resilience analysis framework of environmental NIMBY risk governance.

Fragmentation of emergency governance refers to the governance state in which the integrated collaborative emergency governance fails due to the division of functions and business among local governments.Its root lies in the contradiction between the limited attention and the complexity of administrative affairs faced by local officials under the logic of national governance in China.Under the conventional governance mechanism,territorial management,accountability to superiors and differential political responsibility,render local officials to focus their limited attention on the performance appraisal indicators stipulated by their superiors,while the three principles also bring about rigidity of bureaucratic system operation,in contrast with what the mobilization of emergency management naturally requires:reconstruction of organization,power and responsibility.Such a gap results in the subject to the internal contradictions of organizational logic and makes the emergency governance fragmented in local officials'employing the conventional mechanism to carry out emergency management.The channel lies in the strong intervention and emergency mobilization by the central government,i.e.through the approach of “pooling resources to solve major problems”.The fragmentation of emergency governance reflects the profound contradiction between “unity” and “flexibility” under the centralized system.Therefore,the fundamental solution to this phenomenon rests on reconstructing the power structure of vertical intergovernmental relations,and give full play to the unique institutional advantages of China's national governance by the legalization of vertical intergovernmental relations.

An earlier arising (80-100 years) than that happened in China,of ecological issues in capitalist countries is made by their industrialization and urbanization,as well as an alienation of their capitalist values.To cope with that,the capitalist countries,in considering of the stable return of institution,relied much on institutional construction.The endogenous requirement of such measures is the scarcity of ecology and its specific path is to curb the expansion of human self-interest by improving the property rights system,thus fundamentally limiting the excessive use of natural ecological resources.In contrast,the socialist ecological civilization system with Chinese characteristics has enriched and developed the Marxist theoretical interpretation of ecology.The system,has well addressed a series of outstanding environmental issues in China,by taking targeted measures,with which China bears a determination to win the battle of pollution prevention and control by 2020.It thus provides China's institutional experience for curbing the global ecological pollution.

The national poverty alleviation information system,an important data carrier for poverty alleviation,provides data support and decision-making basis for the precise implementation of the poverty alleviation program.Essential as it is,there has been a tendency of the data’s being distorted and difficulty in information's being disclosed,blocks which stand on the way of its function optimization.This paper,based on the advantages of decentralization,traceability and unforgeability of blockchain technology,employs a multi-case study approach to explore the evolution path and characteristics of Guiyang Poverty Alleviation Information System,“Chongqing Blockchain Public Service Platform” and “Sichuan Blockchain+Agricultural Industrialization Platform (new version)”.The findings tell three key elements affecting the application of blockchain technology,and in conclusion is put forward the feasible path of function optimization of the state poverty alleviation information system based on blockchain technology,and a theoretical framework for the function optimization is constructed.The paper is aimed at providing useful exploration for promoting the accurate management of national poverty alleviation information,improving the level of poverty alleviation information governance and the modernization of national governance capacity.

With the aggravation of environmental pollution,the number of environmental petition letters has been also growing rapidly,a situation that pushed China to enter a period of high incidence of environmental conflicts.This paper,taking the hearing documents as the proxy index of consultative democracy institutionalization,finds 1) environmental petition visit bears a significant positive effect on the number of hearing documents,a fact told by a growth of 0.4 cases for an increase of 10 petition visits per million people;2) the number of petition letters bears no significant impact on that of hearing documents.The findings add 1) compared with the air pollution petition,the impact of water pollution petition on the number of hearing documents is more obvious,a truth verified by local governments'drawing up 0.1 more document for one more letter per million people;2) the impact of water pollution visits is far greater than that of air pollution visits.This study shows that petition mechanism is conducive for the decision-making departments to timely grasp the social conflict information so as to carry out early warning,thus improving the consultative democracy system for better dealing with social conflicts.

A deep reflection on the adverse impact of the international large-scale circulation on China’s development in the central and western regions is an important prerequisite for the implementation of the new strategy of “the main body (domestic) and a dual-circulation (domestic and international)”.A large-scale domestic circulation (mutual markets) formed by the horizontal labor division among different regions helps change the unbalanced distribution of industries’ being highly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas so as to promote an in-depth development of domestic economic integration in space.Such is the role,one of the three major engines of the domestic circulation that China’s central and western development strategy is bound to play.In view of this,a national strategy of balanced development of the high-end value chain is of necessity to be adopted,i.e.to transfer some suitable new industries to the central and southwest of “the Hu Line”.The large-scale domestic circulation and high-quality development are unprecedented new historical opportunities for China’s development in the central and western regions.We can learn from the historical experience of the United States at the national level,and the development experience of the Nordic countries including Switzerland at the regional level.In the development of the western region,“expanding high-level opening up” means to establish “good trade” and “high-quality trade” under the framework of the “New Silk Road Economic Belt”,build central cities in that region into international innovation centers of core technology,thus becoming leaders and strong growth poles of the “New Silk Road Economic Belt”.

Innovation will become the engine of economic development under the “new normal”.On that account,this paper selects the A-share listed companies (2007-2016) in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges as the research samples;in view of the process and systematicness of innovation behavior,it employs comprehensive indicators to measure innovation behavior,and studies the heterogeneity of equity incentive on innovation behavior based on management risk preference.The results show that 1) the implementation of equity incentive can promote enterprise innovation behavior;2) a higher risk the management prefers to take renders a better innovation behavior;3) the effect of equity incentive is different under different management risk preferences,among which,for risk averse management,the impact is particularly significant.The paper also explores different innovative incentive effects of specific equity incentive scheme design on different management with different risk attitudes from three dimensions namely incentive mode selection,incentive strength design and incentive validity period,so as to provide empirical evidence for the specific design of management incentive scheme for Chinese enterprises in transformation.

The spread of the Covid-19 has brought uncertainties to the US development,including its “re-industrialization” strategy that has been advancing in the face of challenges.To push the strategy a new high,a spotlight,the United States,in recent years,has granted it a strategic importance,and taken extreme measures,including provoking a trade war with China,and triggering a tech-war - sanctioning Huawei and other Chinese high-tech enterprises.In view of the advantages and challenges of implementing such a strategy over the Covid-19,both systematic and radical measures are conducive to the promotion of employment and the return of manufacturing industry in the short term.In the long run,however,it will increase uncertainty of the world economic development and lead to obstruction of global trade,which further increases the uncertainty of its prospects.To cope with that,China should give full play to the advantages of super large-scale market,improve the construction of industrial chain,and lay a solid foundation for a development of height and quality so as to cope with the trade pressure from the US with a wider opening-up with higher quality.In addition,we should implement industrial support policies in accordance with international rules,and further promote a deep integration of Chinese manufacturing industry into global value chain.

Based on the background of “overcapacity” in China's supply side reform,taking into account the influence of local government intervention,this paper 1) explores the causes of a new round of non-performing loans since 2009;2) analyzes the transmission mechanism between overcapacity and non-performing loans;3) employs the provincial panel data (2009-2016) to establish a dynamic panel model and take the generalized moment estimation of difference for empirically testing the new round of non-performing loans in China,and the relationship between overcapacity and non-performing loans.The findings tell 1) overcapacity and the non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks bear positive changes,and local intervention has been an important reason behind the new round of non-performing loans since 2009;2) China's overcapacity is featured with large-scale,multi-industry,and systemic financial risk concentration.In order to avoid risks and eliminate hidden dangers,it is necessary to improve the market exit channels,enhance the independence of credit approval decision-making links of commercial banks,and build a diversified performance evaluation index system for local officials,the paper points out in conclusion.

Abstract:Recognition theory is a theoretical system based on the concept of recognition,a new form of contemporary critical theory which shows one' s psychological need to obtain identity and social operation mechanism formed under the effect of this demand.The theory is also known as the product of the rise of identity politics in the West,thus bearing an epochal character and being a symbol of the turn of political ethics of contemporary critical theory.An evolution of the theory from the initial interaction mode to the present social ethics system is indispensable from criticism,among which there have been some counter examples of recognition from the internal analysis and external facts,a proof that refusing to be recognized is actually an important motivation for the construction of social norms.In this case,if the recognition theory needs to be constructed reasonably,it must take into account the abnormal situation outside the recognition,fully realize the high complexity and rheology of recognition,and constantly expand the extension of recognition so as to fully include all categories of norms,thus reasonably explaining the order and norms of contemporary society.