Abstract: In recent years, controversies and conflicts about the sovereignty protection of theSouth China Sea have been accelerated between China and Vietnam, and Vietnam has been putting the so-called “Hoang sa and Truong sa Islands” (named by China as Xisha and Nansha Islands) sovereignty problem to the international community through various international seminars, attempting to make volumes of documents as evidence to Vietnam’s sovereignty claim upon the South China Sea, such as historical documents, archives, maps from Vietnam, China, and the western countries. However, sufficient historical evidence proves that the islands of the South China Sea were first found, named, exploited and managed by Chinese people, that jurisdiction of the South China Sea were continuously and peacefully exercised by Chinese people, and that China has sovereignty and jurisdiction of the islands and adjacent water of the South China Sea. This paper elaborates Vietnam’s claim of “Hoang sa and Truong sa Islands” sovereignty and its historical evidences based on documents from Vietnamese source, and then evaluates and analyzes them on the basis of the findings by China’s researchers.

Key words: Vietnam, Hoang sa, Truong sa, sovereignty, historical evidences