Abstract: Mental order is the core concept of understanding Fei Xiao-tong's thoughts late in life and its connotation embraces the methodological reflection “from society to people, from structure to mentality” and the exploration of “how order can be possible” in global society, the emphasis on the research on “moral relations” and “cultural mentality” in China's modern transformation, and the construction of the new order of Chinese Civilization rooted in inner peace and self-satisfaction, the harmonious diversity between different clans, and harmony without uniformity between countries, through “cultural consciousness”. This concept, as it sits upon the Chinese civilization tradition and the universally acknowledged common value and knots enriching the people's spiritual world and building a community with a shared future for mankind, provides ideological resources for interpreting the Chinese modernization drive and creating a new form of human civilization.

Key words: modernization, moral order, civilization form, cultural consciousness, cultural mentality