扎根理论: 方法误用与正本清源

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2022.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为一套整体方法论,扎根理论正遭遇肢解式和退化式的传播与使用。从文献回顾和知识社会学的视角看,扎根理论传播和应用过程中范式林立、乱象丛生有其历史根源与现实本质。研究发现,作为原创者之一的斯特劳斯在方法内核建立过程中的缺席为其后续方法论偏离埋下了历史根源。扎根理论方法的误用,具体表现为质性研究的“深描”嫁接,假设演绎思维的方法渗入,“三级编码”和“NVivo”的技术误导。回归本源,扎根理论方法的规定性,是遵循自然呈现基本原则,基于一整套方法程序来“让资料自己说话”,从而生成抽象概念化理论。研究新手在运用扎根理论时,应当明确初心、具身学习、面向社会,才能将其中的方法内核,融会贯通于研究过程。

关键词: 扎根理论, 质性研究, 假设演绎, NVivo, 具身学习

Abstract: Grounded theory (GT), as a research methodology in its own right, has been widely misused in its popularization and use in China. By doing a review of the GT literature from the perspective of sociology of knowledge, this paper aims to clarify the roots of the methodology amid distortions since its origination. It intends to help novice researchers employ the methodology more knowledgeably. Strauss, as one of the originators, was indeed absent in the process of establishing the methodology. This explains his subsequent departure from the original methodology and many more “versions” of grounded theory as witnessed in the literature at the present moment in time. In actuality, these “versions” have significantly deviated from the original methodology on the pretext of “innovation” and “localization” in several aspects including deep description, the hypothetical deductive thinking, the use of “three-level coding” and the introduction of NVivo as part of the methodology. Novice researchers are strongly urged to revisit the original text of GT methodology and adopt GT in their research as it is intended, and to follow the basic principle of natural presentation and “let the data speak for themselves”, so as to generate abstract conceptualization theory. Novice researchers should be clear about the original aspiration, conduct embodied learning, and pursue social practice if they want to integrate the method core into the research.

Key words: grounded theory, qualitative research, hypothetical-deductive, NVivo, embodied learning

中图分类号:

陈尹. 扎根理论: 方法误用与正本清源[J]. 广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）, 2022, 58(6): 79-93.

CHEN Yin. Grounded Theory: Its Misuse and Clarification[J]. Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2022, 58(6): 79-93.

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