数字化转型如何驱动中国高质量出口:机制和微观证据

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2024.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于中国海关和上市企业合并数据,采用文本分析法构建微观企业数字化转型综合指标,考察数字化转型对企业出口质量的影响和作用机制,实证结果表明:数字化转型能够显著提高企业出口质量。该结论在利用“下一代互联网示范城市”政策构建工具变量以及进行一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验表明,数字化转型有助于企业进口更多种类更高质量的中间投入品、提高企业创新能力以及优化企业人力资本结构,进而促进企业出口质量升级。异质性分析发现,对于质量差异越大的产品、国有企业、距离越远的出口目的国以及网络基础设施水平越高的地区,数字化转型的出口质量升级效应越强。研究结论揭示了数字化转型对高质量出口的促进作用,为实行高水平对外开放、推进贸易强国建设提供了决策依据。

关键词: 数字化转型, 高质量出口, 创新能力, 人力资本, 中间投入品

Abstract: Based on the merged data from Chinese customs and listed firms, this study employs text analysis to construct a comprehensive index for firm digital transformation, and examines its impact on export quality along with the underlying mechanisms. The results show that digital transformation can significantly enhance the quality of enterprises exports. This conclusion still holds after employing the “Next Generation Internet Demonstration City” policy as instrumental variables and conducting various robustness checks. The mechanism testing finds that digital transformation enables firms to import more varieties of higher-quality intermediate inputs, enhances their innovation capabilities, and optimizes their human capital structure, thereby promoting the upgrading of export quality. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that digital transformation exerts a more pronounced impact on export quality for products exhibiting greater quality differentials, state-owned enterprises, export destinations with farther distances, and locational regions with well-developed Internet infrastructures. These findings underscore the role of digital transformation in promoting high-quality exports, thereby offering pertinent policy insights to facilitate higher-level openness and advance the establishment of a trade powerhouse.

Key words: digital transformation, high-quality exports, innovation capability, human capital, intermediate inputs

中图分类号: F752;F272

张一, 薛伟, 王婷. 数字化转型如何驱动中国高质量出口:机制和微观证据[J]. 广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）, 2024, 60(6): 121-138.

ZHANG Yi, XUE Wei, WANG Ting. How Digital Transformation Drives China’s High-Quality Exports: Mechanisms and Micro Evidence[J]. Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2024, 60(6): 121-138.

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