广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 12-31.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2021.05.002

• 治理现代化 • 上一篇    下一篇

全球视野中的社会科学实验方法:应用比较与发展前瞻

臧雷振1, 滕白莹2, 熊峰3   

  1. 1.中国农业大学 人文与发展学院,北京 100193;
    2.外交学院 外交学与外事管理系,北京 100032;
    3.重庆邮电大学 经济与管理学院,重庆 400065
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-30 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-10-29
  • 作者简介:臧雷振,中国农业大学人文与发展学院教授,博士生导师;滕白莹,外交学院外交学与外事管理系讲师,博士;熊峰,重庆邮电大学经济与管理学院讲师,博士。全球视野中的社会科学实验方法:应用比较与发展前瞻
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重点项目“政治学研究方法发展、演化与前沿探索研究”(20AZZ002)

Social Science Experimental Method from A Global Perspective: Its Application Comparison and Development Prospect

ZANG Lei-zhen,TENG Bai-ying, XIONG Feng   

  1. 1. College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193;
    2. Department of Diplomacy and Foreign Affairs Management, China Foreign Affairs University, Beijing 100032;
    3. School of Economics and Management, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
  • Received:2021-05-30 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-29

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摘要： 社会科学实验快速扩展,使得不同学科的相关研究成果出现井喷态势。本文基于对社会科学实验方法发展源流的探索,深入揭示该研究方法发展脉络、应用过程、场景及所带来的社会科学学科发展影响,进而通过比较不同实验操作技术和准实验分析模型的应用,全面系统地探析中外社会科学实验方法,前瞻其发展趋向,并为进一步科学地应用此研究方法奠定学理基础。作者初步呈现不同因果推断方法如DID模型、PSM-DID模型、安慰剂检验、合成控制等回归结果的差异性,强调不同准实验模型在探析同一议题和同一数据挖掘过程中,可能存在相反结果的空间。这提醒我们,当前的量化研究分析中,与其说用单一的实验方法去探索因果关系,倒不如说更需要多模型验证。当然,本文研究并不试图挑起定量与定性研究方法的“范式之争”,或引发传统量化研究和新生量化模型之间的“迭代之争”,更多地是试图在包容性方法论思维的指引下,实现研究成果信度和效度的提升,进而提升社会科学的显示度,以为社会经济政治政策的完善和改良做出更大的贡献。

关键词: 实验方法, 多模型比较, 应用场景, 信度, 效度

Abstract: With the expanding of social science experiments, relevant researches are fruitful and booming within almost every sub-fields. This paper, based on the historical review of the experiment method, explores the development context, application procedure and context, and influence to social sciences brought by such an approach. Furthermore, by comparing the application of various experiment operation techniques and quasi-experiment analysis models, we get an overall view upon the experiment method employed in social sciences at home and abroad, make a prediction of its development prospect and further lay a theoretical foundation for the further application. The authors tentatively present the differences of regression results of different causal inference methods, such as DIDD model, PSM-DID model, placebo test and synthesis control. Yet, there are probably opposite results during the data mining process when we analyze the same topic or same data under diverse quasi-experiment models. This finding reminds us that the exploration of causality is attributed not so much to the single experiment method as to validation of multiple models within quantitative research. Nevertheless, this article does not intend to provoke a “paradigm dispute” between the traditional qualitative and quantitative methods, or set up an “iterative debate” between the traditional quantitative models and the new model. We are more trying to improve the reliability and validity of our research results under the guidance of inclusive methodological thinking, so as to improve the display of social science and make better contributions to the improvement and perfection of economic and political policies.

Key words: experimental method, multi-model comparison, application scenarios, reliability, validity

中图分类号: 

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