Abstract: The releasing of ChatGPT, the new generation artificial intelligence technology, in November 2022 has attracted strong global attention and also raised concerns about the challenges posed by technology. In terms of public management, artificial intelligence technology represented by ChatGPT has become a leading force driving fundamental changes and comprehensive reshaping of human social thinking, organizational structure, and operational models, providing new significant opportunities for its innovative path, reshaping form, and promoting development. ChatGPT’s powerful language processing ability dramatically promotes information circulation and cooperation among government organizations, reduces government administrative costs and improves the efficiency and efficiency of public management, and it brings development opportunities for the construction of digital government, promotes the construction of digital government, such as intelligent government citizen interaction, intelligent public services, scientific government decision-making, and even triggers deeper reform of the government. At the same time, the double-edged effect of ChatGPT has also brought huge impacts and risks to public management, prompting people to pay attention to the institutional restructuring and risk regulation in the ChatGPT era, and to think about the reasonable control of its application boundaries. Under the framework of traditional public management that emphasizes the relationship between the government and the market, the application of ChatGPT faces the risk of public value failure, hence a necessary to reconstruct the judgment criteria in the era of artificial intelligence and propose countermeasures for its potential risks. The moral issues of humans themselves, the contradictory mentality of humans towards high-intelligence agents, and the complexity of public life also pose a risk of moral premature death for chat robots represented by ChatGPT, to cope with which, we should uphold humanism and construct value norms in the era of artificial intelligence. The application and development of ChatGPT may bring positive or negative impacts on the increase of labor quality and quantity. Therefore, scientific and effective policies should be designed to promote social progress and enhance public welfare through artificial intelligence, in order to maintain the sustainable development of labor force.

Key words: ChatGPT, artificial intelligence technology, public management, digital government, public value failure, institutional restructuring, risk regulation