人工智能素养的提升会增加个人的信息隐私忧虑吗？——基于保护意识和技术信任的中介效应研究

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2023.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着数据信息越来越受到人们重视,频出的信息安全事件导致在全社会范围内正形成使用智能产品的信息隐私忧虑。通过一项全国性互联网调查数据研究发现,基于知识属性特征,人工智能素养作为智能时代的数字素养,可被划分为通用智能素养和专用智能素养:前者强调在智能产品上的消费运用能力,同隐私忧虑呈显著正向关系,并且个人对自身隐私的保护意识在二者关系中起到了正向中介作用;后者强调在智能产品上的技术生产能力,并因对智能产品的技术信任而显著降低了人们信息隐私忧虑水平。其中,实践导向的人工智能专用素养对于缓解个人信息隐私忧虑的作用更加明显。上述结果一方面解释了随着人工智能产品推广以及通用人工素养的普及化,公众信息隐私忧虑逐渐加深的客观现象;另一方面也提出相应的解决之道。鉴于专用人工智能素养缓解个人信息隐私忧虑的作用机制,除应推动建立可信赖的人工智能应用技术标准外,政府还应继续鼓励专业人工智能知识的科普工作,并着重培育公众人工智能素养的实践能力。

关键词: 人工智能, 数字素养, 信息隐私忧虑, 保护意识, 技术信任

Abstract: With the increasing attention paid to data and information, frequent information security incidents have led to privacy concerns about the use of intelligent products throughout society. Through a nationwide internet survey data, this paper finds that based on knowledge attribute characteristics, artificial intelligence literacy, as a digital literacy in the intelligence era, fall into either general or specialized: the former emphasizes the ability to consume and use intelligent products and has a significant positive relationship with privacy concerns, and personal awareness of privacy protection plays a positive mediating role in the relationship between the two; the latter emphasizes technological production capabilities in smart products and significantly reduces people's concerns due to their technological trust, among which the practical oriented literacy plays a more significant role. The above results, on the one hand, well explain the objective phenomenon that with the promotion of artificial intelligence products and the popularization of universal artificial literacy, public information privacy concerns are gradually deepening, and on the other, propose the corresponding solutions. Given the mechanism by which specialized artificial intelligence literacy can alleviate personal information privacy concerns, the government, in addition to promoting the establishment of reliable standards for the application technology, should keep encouraging the popularization of professional artificial intelligence knowledge and focus on cultivating the practical ability of public artificial intelligence literacy.

Key words: artificial intelligence, digital literacy, information privacy concerns, protection awareness, technological trust

中图分类号: G203

戴思源, 李珍珍. 人工智能素养的提升会增加个人的信息隐私忧虑吗？——基于保护意识和技术信任的中介效应研究[J]. 广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）, 2023, 59(4): 46-57.

DAI Yi-yuan, LI Zhen-zhen. Will the Improvement of Artificial Intelligence Literacy Bring About More Concerns for Personal Information Privacy? —A Research on Mesomeric Effect Based on Protection Consciousness and Technology Trust[J]. Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2023, 59(4): 46-57.

参考文献

[1] 中国互联网信息中心. 第49次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告[R/OL]. (2022-02-25)[2022-11-01]. http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/202202/P020220318335949959545.pdf.
[2] Milberg S J, Smith H J, Burke S J. Information privacy: corporate management and national regulation[J]. Organization science, 2000, 11(1): 35-57.
[3] 成燕,梅姝娥,仲伟俊.用户隐私风险感知对平台社交账号登录方式选择的影响研究[J].中国管理科学,2020(12):196-207.
[4] Scheerder A, Deursen A, Dijk J. Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second-and third-level digital divide[J]. Telematics and informatics, 2017, 34(8): 1607-1624.
[5] Eastin M S, Cicchirillo V, Mabry A. Extending the digital divide conversation: examining the knowledge gap through media expectancies[J]. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 2015, 59(3): 416-437.
[6] Hargittai E. Second-level digital divide: mapping differences in people's online skills[J]. arXiv preprint cs/0109068, 2001.
[7] Wei K, Teo H H, Chan H C, et al. Conceptualizing and testing a social cognitive model of the digital divide[J]. Information Systems Research, 2011, 22(1): 170-187.
[8] Van Deursen A Helsper E J. The third-level digital divide: who benefits most from being online?[M]//Communication and information technologies annual. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015.
[9] Van Deursen A, Helsper E J, Eynon R. Development and validation of the Internet Skills Scale (ISS)[J]. Information, Communication & Society, 2016, 19(6): 804-823.
[10] 钟祥铭,方兴东.智能鸿沟:数字鸿沟范式转变[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2022(4):133-142.
[11] 王杰,蔡志坚,吉星.数字素养、农民创业与相对贫困缓解[J].电子政务,2022(8):15-31.
[12] 牟天琦,刁璐,霍鹏.数字经济与城乡包容性增长:基于数字技能视角[J].金融评论,2021(4):36-57,124-125.
[13] 孙旭,丁乔.数字经济时代“新服务工人”数字劳动信息素养培育研究[J].情报科学,2022(5):27-35.
[14] 孙萍.知识劳工、身份认同与传播实践:理解中国IT程序员[J].全球传媒学刊,2018(4):97-115.
[15] 郑勤华,覃梦媛,李爽.人机协同时代智能素养的理论模型研究[J].复旦教育论坛,2021(1):52-59.
[16] Pavlou P A. State of the information privacy literature: where are we now and where should we go? [J].MIS Quarterly, 2011, 35(4): 977-988.
[17] Bélanger F, Robert E Crossler. Privacy in the digital age: a review of information privacy research in information systems[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2011, 35(4): 1017-1041.
[18] 李志祥.隐私数字化的道德风险与伦理规制[J].江苏社会科学,2022(4):36-43,241-242.
[19] 叶娟丽,徐琴.移动互联网·大数据·智能化:人工智能时代权力的规训路径[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2020(1):46-55.
[20] [美]马克·波斯特. 第二媒介时代[M]. 范静晔,译. 南京:南京大学出版社,2000.
[21] 吴鼎铭,石义彬.“大数据”的传播政治经济学解读——以“数字劳工”理论为研究视角[J].广告大观(理论版),2014(6):70-76.
[22] Sheehan K B. An investigation of gender differences in on-line privacy concerns and resultant behaviors[J]. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 1999, 13(4): 24-38.
[23] Fogel J, Nehma E.Internet social network communities: risk taking, trust, and privacy concerns[J]. Computers in Human Behavior, 2009, 25(1): 153-160.
[24] Culnan M J. “How did they get my name?”: an exploratory investigation of consumer attitudes toward secondary information use[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1993: 341-363.
[25] Smith H J, Milberg S J, Burke S J. Information privacy: measuring individuals' concerns about organizational practices[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1996: 167-196.
[26] Malhotra N K, Kim S S, Agarwal J. Internet users' information privacy concerns (IUIPC): the construct, the scale, and a causal model[J]. Information Systems Research, 2004, 15(4): 336-355.
[27] Cespedes F V, Smith H J. Database marketing: new rules for policy and practice[J]. MIT Sloan Management Review, 1993, 34(4): 7.
[28] 张大伟,谢兴政.隐私顾虑与隐私倦怠的二元互动:数字原住民隐私保护意向实证研究[J].情报理论与实践,2021(7):101-110.
[29] Masur P K, Trepte S. Transformative or not? How privacy violation experiences influence online privacy concerns and online information disclosure[J]. Human Communication Research, 2021, 47(1): 49-74..
[30] Yao M Z, Rice R E, Wallis K.Predicting user concerns about online privacy[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2007, 58(5): 710-722.
[31] 孟天广.政府数字化转型的要素、机制与路径——兼论“技术赋能”与“技术赋权”的双向驱动[J].治理研究,2021(1):5-14,2.
[32] 王璐瑶,李琪,乔志林,等.保护动机对社交网络用户隐私关注和隐私安全保护行为的影响研究[J].情报杂志,2019(10):104-110.
[33] 张学波,李铂.信任与风险感知:社交网络隐私安全影响因素实证研究[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2019(2):153-158,166.
[34] Dinev T, Hart P. Internet privacy concerns and their antecedents-measurement validity and a regression model[J]. Behaviour& Information Technology, 2004(6): 413-422.
[35] 吕耀怀,何小英,顾艳,等.当代大学生的隐私观念——基于南华大学调查问卷的分析[J].大学教育科学,2010(2):85-90.
[36] Yao M Z. Self-protection of online privacy: a behavioral approach[M]//Privacy online. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011: 111-125.
[37] Mary L Gick, Keith J Holyoak. Schema induction and analogical transfer[J]. Cognitive psychology, 1983, 15(1): 1-38.
[38] 谢康,谢永勤,肖静华.共享经济情境下的技术信任——数字原生代与数字移民的差异分析[J].财经问题研究,2018(4):99-107.
[39] 牛静,孟筱筱.社交媒体信任对隐私风险感知和自我表露的影响:网络人际信任的中介效应[J].国际新闻界,2019(7):91-109.
[40] Baron R M, Kenny D A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations[J]. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1986, 51(6): 1173.
[41] Preacher K J, Hayes A F. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models[J]. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 2004, 36(4): 717-731.
[42] 方杰, 张敏强. 中介效应的点估计和区间估计:乘积分布法,非参数Bootstrap和MCMC法[J].心理学报,2012(10):1408.
[43] 俞立根,顾理平.“隐私已死”与技术社会的想象式抵抗[J].新闻记者,2022(7):58-70.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed