智能入场与民主之殇:人工智能时代民主政治的风险与挑战

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2023.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科技进步是历史的必然,随着人工智能的蓬勃发展,人类已悄然迈入智能时代。人工智能以海量数据和超级算法为支撑,突破了诸多人类发展的局限,为民众政治参与、政府科学决策勾画了新图景。但随着其应用范围不断拓宽、影响力逐渐扩大,人工智能不再只是一场技术革命的狂欢,还是一种全新规则的推行,为智能时代的民主政治带来了风险和挑战。人工智能重构了现代国家内部的权力结构,击穿了政治话语权的垄断格局,推动了“专家群体”作为独立政治单位的崛起,催生出资本与技术合谋的“超级权力”,以致精英与大众之间的鸿沟不断加剧,不断滑向“技术利维坦”。与此同时,人工智能先天存在的算法歧视、黑箱操作等技术漏洞冲击着传统政治秩序和价值体系,加速撕裂人类社会具有共识性的正义、自由、平等、理性等基本价值,使人的主体性被慢慢抽离出政治生活。当前人工智能风险与挑战的必然性与紧迫性,使人们不得不审慎对待人工智能的未来发展,合理勘定人工智能的应用禁区,最终达到技术与社会的良性互动,实现“善治”与“善智”的美好目标。

关键词: 人工智能, 民主政治, 技术利维坦, 算法歧视, 政治极化

Abstract: Astechnological progress is an inevitable trend in history, we, with the vigorous development of artificial intelligence, has ushered the era of intelligence. Artificial intelligence, supported by massive data and super algorithms, has broken through many limitations of human development and outlined a new landscape for public political participation and government scientific decision-making. But as its application has been expanding and its influence extending, artificial intelligence is no longer just a carnival of technological revolution, but also the implementation of a new rule, bringing both risks and challenges to democratic politics. AI reconstructs the power structure within the modern country, breaks through the monopoly pattern of political discourse power, promotes the rise of “expert groups” as independent political units, and expedites the “super power” produced by the collision of capital and technology, so that the gap between the elite and the public continues to grow, sliding towards “Technology Leviathan”. At the same time, the inherent technological loopholes such as algorithmic discrimination and black box operations are impacting the traditional political order and value system, tearing apart, at a higher speed, of the basic values with consensus such as justice, freedom, equality, rationality in human society, thus rendering human subjectivity to be slowly removed from political life. The inevitability and urgency of the risks and challenges brought about artificial intelligence corner us to be cautious about its future development, reasonably draw a line for its application so as to ultimately achieve a positive interaction between technology and society, thus achieving the goals of “good governance” and “good intelligence”.

Key words: artificial intelligence, democratic politics, Technology Leviathan, algorithm discrimination, political polarization

中图分类号: D0

庞金友, 陈梦雪. 智能入场与民主之殇:人工智能时代民主政治的风险与挑战[J]. 广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）, 2023, 59(4): 9-20.

PANG Jin-you, CHEN Meng-xue. Intelligent Entry and the Dilemma of Democracy: Risks and Challenges of Democratic Politics in the Age of Artificial Intelligence[J]. Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2023, 59(4): 9-20.

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