生命政治视域中的资本权力问题新探——兼论数智时代的生命政治新异化

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2025.05.002

广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 9-17.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2025.05.002

• 马克思主义理论与实践 • 上一篇下一篇

生命政治视域中的资本权力问题新探——兼论数智时代的生命政治新异化

孔明安

南开大学马克思主义学院,天津 300350

收稿日期:2025-03-18 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-18
作者简介:孔明安,南开大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“当前主要社会思潮的最新发展动态及其批判研究”(16ZDA101)

A New Exploration of the Issue of Capital Power from the Perspective of Bio-politics—With a Discussion on the New Alienation of Biopolitics in the Digital-Intelligence Era

KONG Ming-an

School of Marxism, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China

Received:2025-03-18 Online:2025-09-05 Published:2025-09-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 权力对生命的调控和管理是生命政治学始终关注的核心问题,但在某种程度上生命政治学却忽视了资本作为权力机制及其在资本主义社会中的隐秘运作。虽然马克思并未明确提出“生命政治”一词,但其对资本的现代性批判无疑为生命政治学的研究提供了诸多的理论资源。在马克思看来,资本是一种包含了剥削与被剥削、支配与被支配的社会经济关系。资本占有的不平等意味着生命体之间的不平等,它通过吮吸劳动者的生命来彰显自身的意志和地位。当代左翼学者齐泽克坚持马克思的资本批判立场,并运用现代精神分析理论揭示了生命政治权力运作的隐秘机制,即为了掩盖资本主义社会的结构性不平衡,资本权力隐秘地渗透于整个资本主义社会体系之中,并构成了其永不停歇的驱力模式。伴随数智时代的高歌猛进,技术进步的背后潜藏着资本权力的深层次运作,它使得资本主义生命政治面临着更为严重的异化问题。以资本权力为切入点,考察数智时代生命的数字异化困境,有助于深化当代资本批判理论,推进并丰富马克思主义有关生命政治学的研究。

关键词: 资本权力, 生命政治, 社会关系, 驱力模式, 数智时代

Abstract: The regulation and management of life by power has always been the core concern of biopolitics, yet to some extent, biopolitics has overlooked capital as a power mechanism and its covert operation within capitalist society. Although Marx did not explicitly propose the term “biopolitics”, his critique of capital's modernity undoubtedly provides substantial theoretical resources for biopolitical studies. In Marx's view, capital embodies a socioeconomic relationship that includes exploitation and being exploited, domination and being dominated. The inequality in capital ownership signifies inequality among living beings, as capital asserts its will and status by extracting the life force of laborers. Contemporary left-wing scholar Slavoj Žižek adheres to Marx's critical stance on capital and employs modern psychoanalytic theory to reveal the hidden mechanisms of biopolitical power operation, that is, capital power, to conceal the structural imbalances of capitalist society, covertly permeates the entire capitalist system, forming its incessant drive mode. With the rapid advancement of the digital-intelligence era, behind technological progress lies the deeper operation of capital power, exacerbating the alienation issues within capitalist biopolitics. Taking capital power as a starting point to examine the dilemma of digital alienation of life in the digital-intelligence era can help deepen contemporary capital critique theory, thus advancing and enriching Marxist research on biopolitics.

Key words: capital power, biopolitics, social relations, drive mode, digital-intelligence era

中图分类号: B0-0

孔明安. 生命政治视域中的资本权力问题新探——兼论数智时代的生命政治新异化[J]. 广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）, 2025, 61(5): 9-17.

KONG Ming-an. A New Exploration of the Issue of Capital Power from the Perspective of Bio-politics—With a Discussion on the New Alienation of Biopolitics in the Digital-Intelligence Era[J]. Journal of Guangxi Teachers Education University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2025, 61(5): 9-17.

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生命政治视域中的资本权力问题新探——兼论数智时代的生命政治新异化

A New Exploration of the Issue of Capital Power from the Perspective of Bio-politics—With a Discussion on the New Alienation of Biopolitics in the Digital-Intelligence Era

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